Highly dispersed Fe3+-Al2O3 for the Fenton-like oxidation of phenol in a continuous up-flow fixed bed reactor. Enhancing catalyst stability through operating conditions

Abstract

Highly dispersed Fe 3+ -Al 2 O 3 for the Fenton-like oxidation of phenol in a continuous up-flow fixed bed reactor. Enhancing catalyst stability through operating conditions,

Preparation, characterization, and application of nano‐FeOx/Al2O3/cordierite monolithic catalysts for heterogeneous dark Fenton reaction

“…Thus, the results confirm that iron species on the sample surface exist in the +3 valence state. 11,17,44,45 The catalysts were evaluated in the oxidation of phenol in aqueous phase using hydrogen peroxide as oxidant (Fig. 10).…”

“…In these catalysts, the Fe(III) species are immobilized within a solid structure, and thus the reaction takes place over a wide range of pH without precipitation of iron hydroxide. The heterogeneous solid catalysts used for this purpose include iron oxides in bulk 6 or supported on carbon, [7][8][9][10] alumina, [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] or silica 18 ; pillared clays containing Fe 19,20 ; natural and artificial iron-exchanged zeolites 21,22 ; iron oxide natural minerals 23,24 ; mixed oxides 25 ; and zero-valent iron. [26][27][28] These catalysts, especially those containing Fe(III) oxides, need ultraviolet radiation to accelerate the reduction of Fe 3+ to Fe 2+ , since the reaction of Eqn (2) is much slower than the decomposition of H 2 O 2 in the presence of Fe 2+ indicated in Eqn (1).…”

“…33,[39][40][41][42][43][44][45] In the work reported here, the preparation of monolithic catalysts was proposed using commercial cordierite honeycombs as a structured substrate and alumina-supported iron oxide as active phase. This active phase was chosen because it showed good performance for degradation of organic compounds with hydrogen peroxide, [11][12][13][15][16][17] and also it meets the requirements of low cost and environmental friendliness. Some results for phenol peroxidation with iron oxides supported on various materials are presented in Table S1.…”

“…As far as we know, the application of FeO x / Al 2 O 3 /cordierite monolithic catalysts for the phenol peroxidation reaction is reported here for the first time. In numerous studies, phenol has been employed as a representative molecule of refractory organic compounds, [7][8][9][10][11][15][16][17][21][22][23][36][37][38] since phenol is used in the production of phenolic resins, in the manufacture of nylon and other synthetic fibers, and in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries as a potent fungicide, bactericide, antiseptic, and disinfectant, among other applications. The nature of the catalysts was determined by means of several characterization techniques and, on the basis of the results of the catalytic experiments, the potential application of these monolithic catalysts for Fentontype reactions was evaluated.…”

A microwave-activated coal fly ash catalyst for the oxidative elimination of organic pollutants in a Fenton-like process

“…4 Some catalysts have been synthesized such as Z-scheme Fe 2 O 3 -doped Cu 2 O, Fe 3+ -Al 2 O 3 , CoFe 2 O 4 powder, Pd-Fe 3 O 4 , CoM x Fe 2Àx O 4 , Fe-Ti pillared bentonite, Fe 73.5 Si 13.5 B 9 Cu 1 Nb 3 , and Fe-Mn-sepiolite. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] All these catalysts can effectively catalyze the above reaction. It is valuable to notice that these catalysts have an identical feature, i.e., they contain the Fe element and some auxiliary metallic elements such as Cu, Al, Co, Pd, Mn, Ti, and/or Nb.…”