The cobalt-catalyzed Fischer−Tropsch reaction is used industrially to convert syngas (CO + H 2 ) into long-chain (C 5+ ) hydrocarbons, and the enhancement of catalytic performance by the judicious introduction of additives and promoters has drawn wide interest. Previously, we showed that cobalt-based metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) can be used as sacrificial templates to prepare carbon-supported Co materials (Co@C) with high activity and selectivity for C 5+ hydrocarbons. Here, we demonstrate that aluminum-promoted Co catalysts with excellent activity, selectivity, and stability can be readily obtained by simple mechanical mixing of a Co-MOF precursor with aluminum isopropoxide prior to pyrolysis. Under optimized conditions, CO conversions of 80% and C 5+ selectivities of 82% could be attained at 2.9 MPa, 300 °C, 0.3 L/g cat. / min space velocity and H 2 /CO = 2. In contrast, analogous materials prepared by impregnation of the same Co-MOF with aluminum nitrate were completely inactive due to the extensive formation of poorly reducible CoAl 2 O 4 spinel. A combination of characterization techniques evinces a blocking effect served by the Al additives, which inhibits the aggregation of incipient cobalt nanoparticles during thermal decomposition. Overall, our findings could help guide the large-scale production of active Co catalyst systems.