Highly Conductive, Flexible, and Compressible All‐Graphene Passive Electronic Skin for Sensing Human Touch

Hou, Chengyi; Wang, Hongzhi; Zhang, Qinghong; Li, Yaogang; Zhu, Meifang

doi:10.1002/adma.201401367

Cited by 279 publications

(180 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…Temperature sensors have emerged at the right moment to detect temperature variations and prevent the advent of disease 27, 28. Wearable temperature sensors capable of real‐time monitoring of human health‐related parameters can offer new approaches to manage the health status and performance of individuals to enable many emerging applications, such as e‐skin, smart watches, robot sensors, human–machine interfaces, health care, human activity monitoring, and environmental temperature measurement 29, 30, 31, 32. However, wearable temperature sensors have been mainly based on planar structure, and fiber‐shaped structures have rarely been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printing Fiber Electrodes for an All‐Fiber Integrated Electronic Device via Hybridization of an Asymmetric Supercapacitor and a Temperature Sensor

et al. 2018

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Wearable fiber‐shaped electronic devices have drawn abundant attention in scientific research fields, and tremendous efforts are dedicated to the development of various fiber‐shaped devices that possess sufficient flexibility. However, most studies suffer from persistent limitations in fabrication cost, efficiency, the preparation procedure, and scalability that impede their practical application in flexible and wearable fields. In this study, a simple, low‐cost 3D printing method capable of high manufacturing efficiency, scalability, and complexity capability to fabricate a fiber‐shaped integrated device that combines printed fiber‐shaped temperature sensors (FTSs) with printed fiber‐shaped asymmetric supercapacitors (FASCs) is developed. The FASCs device can provide stable output power to FTSs. Moreover, the temperature responsivity of the integrated device is 1.95% °C−1.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printing Fiber Electrodes for an All‐Fiber Integrated Electronic Device via Hybridization of an Asymmetric Supercapacitor and a Temperature Sensor

et al. 2018

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“…High sensitivity of ≈1.34% °C −1 with a temperature interval of 0.2 °C was demonstrated. In addition to the thermoresistive effect, other effects such as pyroelectric effect [62,82] and thermoelectric effect [83] were also utilized in wearable temperature sensors. Pyroelectric Figure 2.…”

Section: Wearable Temperature Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Freestanding graphene oxide foam was employed as a thermoelectric temperature sensing element without external power supply. [83] The sensor can convert the difference in temperature to current signal through the Seebeck effect. The same sensor can also be used to measure human touch and pressure.…”

Section: Wearable Temperature Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomaterial‐Enabled Wearable Sensors for Healthcare

Yao

Swetha

Zhu

2017

Adv Healthcare Materials

432

280

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humidity level, and concentration of harmful gases, and airborne particulates can provide valuable information for the prediction, management, and treatment of chronic diseases. [4,5] In addition to the applications in wearable health monitoring, continuous tracking of daily and sports activities can offer an efficient way to assess the well-being and athletic performances. [6] In order to ensure a robust and conformal contact with the curvilinear, coarse, and dynamic surface of skin without impeding daily activities, the wearable sensor should have low modulus and high stretchability. The epidermis has a modulus of 140-600 kPa while the dermis has an even lower modulus of 2-80 kPa. [7] Skin itself can be stretched elastically up to 15% and with the help of wrinkles and creases, the overall stretchability can reach as high as 100% during daily motions. [8] In addition to good wearability, wearable sensors should be highly sensitive, lightweight, low-cost, and with low power consumption. To achieve these features, nanomaterials that are compliant, possessing larger surface area and exceptional material properties, and compatible with low-cost fabrication processes are widely employed as building blocks for developing wearable sensors.In this review, we start from a brief overview of nanomaterials, their related structural designs and fabrication processes (Section 2). Following that, recent advances of nanomaterialenabled wearable sensors including temperature, electrophysiological, strain, tactile, electrochemical, and other sensors will be summarized (Section 3). A survey on the integration of multiple sensors and other components into wearable systems will be given in Section 4. The application of nanomaterialenabled wearable sensors for healthcare including health monitoring, activity tracking, and electronic skin will be presented in Section 5. The challenges and opportunities will be discussed at the end. Nanomaterials, Structural Designs, and Fabrication ProcessesNanomaterials can be classified into two categories-top-down fabricated ones and bottom-up synthesized ones. [9] The focus of this review is on the wearable sensors based on bottom-up synthesized nanomaterials. Nanomaterials can be synthesized into various dimensions, from 0D such as metallic nanoparticles (NPs), to 1D such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and metallic nanowires (NWs), to 2D such as graphene and transition metal Highly sensitive wearable sensors that can be conformably attached to human skin or integrated with textiles to monitor the physiological parameters of human body or the surrounding environment have garnered tremendous interest. Owing to the large surface area and outstanding material properties, nanomaterials are promising building blocks for wearable sensors. Recent advances in the nanomaterial-enabled wearable sensors including temperature, electrophysiological, strain, tactile, electrochemical, and environmental sensors are presented in this review. Integration of multiple sensors for multimodal sensing and integration with...

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“…These sensors have advantages of simple fabrication process, easy read-out system and large detection range, showing great prospects for applications in human motion detection, human-machine interfaces and personal health management [6]. To date, the conductive materials applied in flexible pressure sensors contain CNTs and CNTelastomer composites [79,[118][119][120], graphene and graphene-elastomer composites [18,98,[121][122][123], metal nanoparticles or nanowires [51,124], metal films [55], conductive polymers [16,47,125,126], and their hybrid materials [127,128]. Traditionally, in order to obtain a high sensitivity, microstructures, such as micro-pyramid arrays [125], micro-dome arrays [118,119] and interlocking microstructures [129], have been introduced into the flexible polymer substrates.…”

Section: Flexible Strain Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced carbon materials for flexible and wearable sensors

et al. 2017

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Flexible and wearable sensors have drawn extensive concern due to their wide potential applications in wearable electronics and intelligent robots. Flexible sensors with high sensitivity, good flexibility, and excellent stability are highly desirable for monitoring human biomedical signals, movements and the environment. The active materials and the device structures are the keys to achieve high performance. Carbon nanomaterials, including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, carbon black and carbon nanofibers, are one of the most commonly used active materials for the fabrication of high-performance flexible sensors due to their superior properties. Especially, CNTs and graphene can be assembled into various multi-scaled macroscopic structures, including one dimensional fibers, two dimensional films and three dimensional architectures, endowing the facile design of flexible sensors for wide practical applications. In addition, the hybrid structured carbon materials derived from natural bio-materials also showed a bright prospect for applications in flexible sensors. This review provides a comprehensive presentation of flexible and wearable sensors based on the above various carbon materials. Following a brief introduction of flexible sensors and carbon materials, the fundamentals of typical flexible sensors, such as strain sensors, pressure sensors, temperature sensors and humidity sensors, are presented. Then, the latest progress of flexible sensors based on carbon materials, including the fabrication processes, performance and applications, are summarized. Finally, the remaining major challenges of carbon-based flexible electronics are discussed and the future research directions are proposed. [56,57], have been used as the active components for the fabrication of flexible sensors. Among these materials, metal NPs can be used to fabricate flexible sensors with high sensitivity, but the sensing range and stretchability of these sensors are limited [58]. Besides, due to the limited chemical stability and reproducibility of metal nanowires, it is challenging to fabricate stable sensors using metal nanowires [10]. Similarly, conductive polymers with poor stability and conductivity are also difficult to be used for the fabrication of high-performance sensors [59]. In contrast, carbon materials are one of the most commonly investigated materials, especially CNTs and graphene (including graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO)), due to their remarkable mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. To implement macroscopic applications, CNTs and graphene with superior properties in microscopic level should be converted into macroscopic functional assemblies, such as one dimensional (1D) fibers or yarns [60,61], two dimensional (2D) films or sheets [62,63], three dimensional (3D) architectures [64][65][66] (Fig. 1). The multi-scaled macroscopic carbon nanomaterials endow the flexible sensors with high sensitivity, excellent flexibility and good stability as well as desired configurations. Also, lo...

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Highly Conductive, Flexible, and Compressible All‐Graphene Passive Electronic Skin for Sensing Human Touch

Cited by 279 publications

References 41 publications

3D Printing Fiber Electrodes for an All‐Fiber Integrated Electronic Device via Hybridization of an Asymmetric Supercapacitor and a Temperature Sensor

3D Printing Fiber Electrodes for an All‐Fiber Integrated Electronic Device via Hybridization of an Asymmetric Supercapacitor and a Temperature Sensor

Nanomaterial‐Enabled Wearable Sensors for Healthcare

Advanced carbon materials for flexible and wearable sensors

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