Highly conducting free-standing poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) films with improved thermoelectric performances

Thermoelectric model to characterize carrier transport in organic semiconductors

“…As shown in Fig. 3(a), data for PEDOT:Tos, PEDOT:Pss without additives, PEDOT:Pss with 5% ethylene glycol (EG), and PEDOT:Pss with 5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) 36 all fall on the same S curve, indicating that α is unaffected by dopants or additives. However, as is clear from the plot of σ , v 0 in PEDOT:Pss increases considerably in the presence of additives (no additives: 1.4 ± 0.2 × 10 13 , EG: 7.9 ± 0.2 × 10 13 , DMSO: 1 ± 0.2 × 10 14 s −1 ), consistent with the fact that DMSO and EG are known to produce rodlike conformations that increase the polymer's elastic modulus.…”

“…23 However, an isotropic hopping model with a regular cubic lattice such as the one assumed here has successfully described transport in many small molecular 23,35 and conjugated polymer [4][5][6] OSCs. Dopant type is known to have a strong effect on transport in PEDOT, as evidenced by recent observations in which the maximum thermoelectric power factor (S 2 σ ) was found to increase from 6.0 × 10 −6 W/mK 2 when doped with poly(styrenesulfonate) (Pss) 36 to 3.24 × 10 −4 W/mK 2 when doped with tosylate (Tos) [ Fig. 3(a)], 15 raising the thermoelectric figure of merit from 0.01 to 0.25.…”

Effective Approaches to Improve the Electrical Conductivity of PEDOT:PSS: A Review

“…[ 43,53 ] Xu's group have focused on the effect of DMSO and EG addition on the conductivity of PEDOT:PSS pellets, [ 41 ] free-standing fi lms, [ 42,58 ] and nanofi lms [ 59 ] since 2008, and fi rstly put forward the DMSO doped PEDOT:PSS (Clevios PH 1000) nanofi lm as a pure organic electrode for electrochemical polymerization recently. [ 59 ] Sometimes, DMSO or EG was considered to be a co-solvent when added into PEDOT:PSS (Clevios PH 1000) aqueous solution.…”

“…Kim et al prepared PEDOT:PSS fi lms by adding DMSO (or EG) into the PEDOT:PSS (Clevios PH 1000) aqueous solution and subsequent treatment [32] 7 × 10 −2 73 Cruz-Cruz et al [33] 10 −2 130 Wilson et al [34] 0.8 ± 0.1 80 ± 30 Kim et al [8] 0.2 (Clevios PH 510) 300 Wang et al [35] 0.2 (Clevios PH 500) 526 Na et al [36] <1 (Clevios PH 500) 550 Na et al [37] 0.2-1(Clevios T PH1000) 600 Hokazono et al [38] 0.2 (Clevios PH 1000) 670. 5 Lim et al [39] 0.2-1 (Clevios P) 677 Lee et al [40] 9 (Clevios P) 48 Jiang et al [41] 39 (Clevios P) 298 Liu et al [42] EG 2.2 × 10 −2 1.3 Dimitriev et al [32] 0.4 (Clevios P) 160 Ouyang et al [43] 0.4 200 Ouyang et al [19] 0.4 (Clevios PH 500) 443 Yan et al [44] 9 55 Jiang et al [41] 39 242 Liu et al [42] 15.64 274. 5 Singh et al [45] 27.5 621.…”

“…Subsequently, they further improved the TE performance by preparing secondary doping PEDOT:PSS (Clevios PH 1000) free-standing fi lms and nanofi lms. [ 42,59,88,113,148 ] Inspired by the achievements, more and more efforts have been made to enhance the ZT values of PEDOT:PSS, and the value was signifi cantly increased to 0.42 by Kim et al, [ 82 ] which was the highest value among those of organic TE materials. Furthermore, Hokazono et al [ 38 ] successfully prepared a fl exible device composed of the PEDOT:PSS fi lm on a polyimide substrate functioned as a micro thermoelectric generator, as presented in Figure 17 a.…”