Highly Birefringent and Dispersion Compensating Photonic Crystal Fiber Based on Double Line Defect Core

Abstract

We propose a highly birefringent and dispersion compensating photonic crystal fiber based on a double line defect core. Using a finite element method (FEM) with a perfectly matched layer (PML), it is demonstrated that it is possible to obtain broadband large negative dispersion of about -400 to -427 ps/(nm.km) covering all optical communication bands (from O to U band) and to achieve the dispersion coefficient of -425 ps/(nm.km) at 1.55µm. In addition, the highest birefringence of the proposed PCF at 1.55 μm is 1.92 × 10 -2 and the value of birefringence from the wavelength of 1.26 to 1.8 μm (covering O to U bands) is about 1.8 × 10 -2 to 1.92 × 10. It is confirmed that from the simulation results, the confinement loss of the proposed PCF is always less than 10 -3 dB/km at 1.55 μm with seven fiber rings of air holes in the cladding.

Numerical analysis of photonic crystal fiber of ultra-high birefringence and high nonlinearity

“…Dispersion is a measure of the temporal broadening of the optical pulse and it is one of the main sources of penalty for efficient transmission of optical signals. A PCF of high Birefringence and negative dispersion compensation is important in optical amplification as it maintains linear polarisation and useful for double Raman gains and sensing 21 . Furthermore, research has shown that achieving high birefringence, high nonlinearity and negative dispersion can be useful for polarization control in fiber optic sensors, telecommunication applications and broadband dispersion compensation in high-bit-rate transmission systems 22 .…”

“…Furthermore, research has shown that achieving high birefringence, high nonlinearity and negative dispersion can be useful for polarization control in fiber optic sensors, telecommunication applications and broadband dispersion compensation in high-bit-rate transmission systems 22 . A lot of work has been reported recently to achieve high birefringence, high nonlinearity and dispersion management through the use of elliptical holes around the core 23,24 , using different shapes of air holes other than circular in or around the core [25][26][27] , defective core 21 , doping the core with gas or liquid and hybrid cladding 28,29 , double cladding 22 , dual core photonic bandgap 30 , triangular lattice 31 and other shapes of air hole rings apart from the widely used hexagonal lattice [32][33][34][35] . Rhombic and elliptical hole PCFs have been presented 26 to achieve birefringence (B) of 8 × 10 -3 and Confinement loss(CL) of 5 × 10 -4 dB/m at 1.55 µm.…”

Numerical analysis of photonic crystal fibre with high birefringence and high nonlinearity

“…The result shows an increase in the confinement loss as the wavelength increases with the value of 1.55 μm being 2.767 × 10 −5 dB m −1 at Λ = 2.3 μm which is better than [10,[33][34][35].…”

“…A square structure of PCF [33] with seven air rings in the cladding and a circular PCF [34] has been demonstrated to exhibit birefringence of 10 −2 with a negative chromatic dispersion and confinement loss of less than 10 −3 at 1.55 μm. However, the dispersion is not tuneable and the air holes in the core are complex.…”

Chalcogenide–Tellurite Composite Photonic Crystal Fiber: Extreme Non-Linearity Meets Large Birefringence

“…Due to this difference, the coupling between x-polarized and y-polarized modes decreases significantly [23]. Under these circumstances, the state of polarization of incident light can be maintained along the PCF provided that the light is coupled to only one of the polarized modes [26,27]. The birefringence is defined as [26,27]…”