“…Drugs used to treat RA in clinic include disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), biological agents and natural drugs (Laev and Salakhutdinov 2015). As a classical DMARD drug, low-dose MTX reduces or prevents joint damage in RA patients, but it works slowly, and long-term use of MTX can cause adverse reactions, which mainly including hepatotoxicity and hematological problems (Kim et al 2018;Lin et al 2019;Satou et al 2019;Tabata et al 2019). Hepatic damage and gastrointestinal problems caused by MTX alter the available iron stores, and then lead to an anaemic condition.…”