Heterogeneity in the diagnosis of plasmablastic lymphoma, plasmablastic myeloma, and plasmablastic neoplasm: a scoping review

Mori, Hirotaka; Fukatsu, Masahiko; Ohkawara, Hiroshi; Oka, Yuka; Kataoka, Yuki; Taito, Shunsuke; Ikezoe, Takayuki

doi:10.1007/s12185-021-03211-w

Cited by 8 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 137 publications

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“…According to WHO diagnostic criteria, the diagnosis of plasma cell myeloma requires clonal bone marrow plasma cells of at least 10%, or biopsy proven plasmacytoma, as well as at least one myeloma defining event. These myeloma defining events include end organ damage attributable to the plasma cell proliferation such as hypercalcaemia, renal impairment, anaemia and lytic bone lesions 36,48 . However, lytic bone lesions have also been described in rare case of HIV‐associated PBL, 2,28 and both PBL and plasmablastic myeloma may present with bone marrow involvement, MYC overexpression, 26,53 and a high Ki‐67 proliferation index (>80%) 26,29 .…”

Section: Lymphomas With Plasmablastic Differentiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mori et al have proposed a diagnostic algorithm where the absence of EBER expression plus a Ki‐67 <80% supports a diagnosis of plasmablastic myeloma. The diagnosis of plasmablastic myeloma is further supported by a serum free light chain ratio of ≥100 36 …”

Section: Lymphomas With Plasmablastic Differentiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extramedullary plasmacytoma with plasmablastic or anaplastic morphology may be particularly challenging to distinguish from PBL. Apart from similar morphology, immunophenotype and localisation to PBL, extramedullary plasmacytoma is defined by the absence of bone marrow involvement and end organ damage, which are found in PCM 26,36,48 . Importantly, PCM may show extramedullary disease with plasmablastic morphology at initial diagnosis or relapse 55 .…”

Section: Lymphomas With Plasmablastic Differentiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MYC is a proto-oncogene situated on chromosome 8q24 which is involved in cellular metabolism, growth, proliferation, and apoptosis. 1,44 MYC expression is normally inhibited during plasma cell T A B L E 1 Typical immunophenotype and in-situ hybridization findings in plasmablastic lymphoma 16,29,36 differentiation by transcription factors such as IRF4, BLIMP1 and XPB1. 1 Up to 70% of PBL cases show MYC protein overexpression due to MYC translocations or amplifications (Figure 2).…”

Section: Mycmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These myeloma defining events include end organ damage attributable to the plasma cell proliferation such as hypercalcaemia, renal impairment, anaemia and lytic bone lesions. 36,48 However, lytic bone lesions have also been described in rare case of HIV-associated PBL, 2,28 and both PBL and plasmablastic myeloma may present with bone marrow involvement, MYC overexpression, 26,53 and a high Ki-67 proliferation index (>80%). 26,29 However, MYC rearrangements occur as late events in Monoclonal serum immunoglobulin and lytic bone lesions have been described in rare case of HIV-associated PBL.…”

Section: Lymphomas With Plasmablastic Differentiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasmablastic lymphoma: An update

Bailly

Jenkins

Chetty

et al. 2022

Int J Lab Hematology

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Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a highly aggressive B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma frequently associated with immunosuppression, particularly human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Although PBL is rare globally, South Africa has a high burden of HIV infection leading to a higher incidence of PBL in the region. Laboratory features in PBL may overlap with plasmablastic myeloma and other large B cell lymphomas with plasmablastic or immunoblastic morphology leading to diagnostic dilemmas. There are, however, pertinent distinguishing laboratory features in PBL such as a plasma cell immunophenotype with MYC overexpression, expression of Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNAs and lack of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) expression. This review aims to provide a summary of current knowledge in PBL, focusing on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, laboratory diagnosis and clinical management.

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Section: Lymphomas With Plasmablastic Differentiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lymphomas With Plasmablastic Differentiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lymphomas With Plasmablastic Differentiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mycmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lymphomas With Plasmablastic Differentiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Plasmablastic lymphoma: An update

Bailly

Jenkins

Chetty

et al. 2022

Int J Lab Hematology

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EBV‐positive diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified: 2022 update on diagnosis, risk‐stratification, and management

et al. 2022

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Disease Overview Epstein Barr virus‐positive (EBV+) diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), not otherwise specified (NOS) is an entity included in the WHO classification of lymphoid neoplasms since 2016. EBV+ DLBCL, NOS, is an aggressive B‐cell lymphoma associated with EBV infection, and a poor prognosis with standard chemotherapeutic approaches. Diagnosis The diagnosis is made through a careful pathological evaluation. Detection of EBV‐encoded RNA (EBER) is considered standard for diagnosis; however, a clear cutoff for percentage of positive cells has not been defined. The differential diagnosis includes plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL), DLBCL associated with chronic inflammation, primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), among others. Risk‐Stratification The International Prognostic Index (IPI) and the Oyama score can be used for risk‐stratification. The Oyama score includes age >70 years and presence of B symptoms. The expression of CD30 and PD‐1/PD‐L1 are emerging as potential adverse but targetable biomarkers. Management Patients with EBV+ DLBCL, NOS, should be staged and managed following similar guidelines than patients with EBV‐negative DLBCL. EBV+ DLBCL, NOS, however, might have a worse prognosis than EBV‐negative DLBCL in the era of chemoimmunotherapy. Therefore, the inclusion of patients in clinical trials when available is recommended. There is an opportunity to study and develop targeted therapy in the management of patients with EBV+ DLBCL, NOS.

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Skeletal muscle extramedullary plasmacytoma transformed into plasmablastic plasmacytoma: a case report

Zhang,

Zhi,

Yang

et al. 2024

J Cancer Res Clin Oncol

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Background Extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) is a rare plasma cell malignancy, especially when the tumor originates in skeletal muscle. Plasmablastic plasmacytoma is an anaplastic round cell tumor with highly malignancy and poor prognosis. To date, there have been no reports on the transformation of skeletal muscle EMP into plasmablastic plasmacytoma. Therefore, the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cases of this pathologic transformation are unclear. Case presentation This article reports a case of an elderly male patient who presented with a painless mass in the right calf and was diagnosed with EMP by puncture pathology. Complete remission was obtained after sequential chemoradiotherapy. 6 months later, another puncture was performed due to plasmablastic plasmacytoma multiple distant metastases, and the pathology showed that EMP was transformed to plasmablastic plasmacytoma. Despite aggressive antitumor therapy, the disease continued to deteriorate, and the patient ultimately died of respiratory failure. Conclusion The transformation of EMP into plasmablastic plasmacytoma is very rare, and its diagnosis and treatment require the participation of both experienced pathologists and clinicians. We report this case in order to raise clinicians' awareness of the diagnosis and treatment of EMP and its transformation to plasmablastic plasmacytoma, and to avoid misdiagnosis and underdiagnosis.

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Heterogeneity in the diagnosis of plasmablastic lymphoma, plasmablastic myeloma, and plasmablastic neoplasm: a scoping review

Cited by 8 publications

References 137 publications

Plasmablastic lymphoma: An update

Plasmablastic lymphoma: An update

EBV‐positive diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified: 2022 update on diagnosis, risk‐stratification, and management

Skeletal muscle extramedullary plasmacytoma transformed into plasmablastic plasmacytoma: a case report

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