Higher Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure Among Rural-Dwelling Versus Urban-Dwelling Adults and Children: Implications for Skin Cancer Prevention

Nagelhout, Elizabeth; Lensink, Riley; Zhu, Angela; Parsons, Bridget G.; Haaland, Benjamin; Hashibe, Mia; Grossman, Douglas; VanDerslice, James; Gren, Lisa H.; Jensen, Jakob D.; Wu, Yelena P.

doi:10.1007/s10900-020-00860-6

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Recent studies using personal electronic ultraviolet radiation dosimeters have displayed higher ultraviolet radiation exposure in children and adolescents living in rural areas compared with those living in urban areas due to differences in types of activity. Children and adolescents living in rural areas spend more time after school and during weekdays practicing outdoors chores during peak ultraviolet radiation hours (10 am-4 pm), compared with those living in urban areas who spend more time participating in indoor sports and/or leisure activities and, therefore, reducing exposure to sunlight [18,19]. These data allowed us to hypothesize a much simpler explanation for the relationship between obesity and vitamin D deficiency: behavioral factors (outdoor activities and sun exposure) would be determined in reduced body content of vitamin D in patients with obesity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vitamin D Deficiency in Childhood Obesity: Behavioral Factors or Altered Metabolism?

Durá-Travé¹,

Gallinas-Victoriano²

2023

Vitamin D Deficiency - New Insights

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Obesity childhood is related to vitamin D deficiency, but the mechanisms for this association still remain questionable. We hypothesized that behavioral factors would be decisive in reducing the body content of vitamin D in patients with obesity. A cross-sectional clinical and analytical study (calcium, phosphorus, calcidiol, and parathyroid hormone) was carried out in a group of 377 patients with obesity (BMI-DS >2.0), 348 patients with severe obesity (BMI-DS >3.0), and 411 healthy children. The place of residence was categorized as urban or rural. Vitamin D status was defined according to the US Endocrine Society criteria. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in severe obesity (48.6%) and obesity groups (36.1%) than in the control group (12.5%). Vitamin D deficiency was more frequent in severe obesity and obesity groups living in urban areas than in those living in rural areas (not in the control group). The patients with obesity living in urban residence did not present significant seasonal variations in vitamin D deficiency throughout the year in contrast to those patients with obesity living in rural residence. These findings suggest that the most probable mechanism for vitamin D deficiency in children and adolescents with obesity, rather than altered metabolic, is the behavioral factors (sedentary lifestyle and lack of adequate sunlight exposure).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[2,17]. In fact, recent studies using an objective and accurate method for ultraviolet radiation monitoring in children and adolescents have revealed that rural residents receive higher levels of ultraviolet radiation exposure than urban residents do [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D Deficiency in Childhood Obesity: Behavioral Factors or Altered Metabolism?

Durá-Travé¹,

Gallinas-Victoriano²

2023

Vitamin D Deficiency - New Insights

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“…The different types of outdoor activities that urban and rural families engage in could contribute to differing levels of UVR exposure and sunburn occurrence, primary risk factors for the development of skin cancer later in life ( Armstrong and Cust, 2017 , Balk, 2011 , Green et al, 2011 , Wu et al, 2014 ). Prior work has demonstrated that UVR exposure is higher among individuals in rural settings when compared with individuals in urban settings ( Nagelhout et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outdoor activities and sunburn among urban and rural families in a Western region of the US: Implications for skin cancer prevention

Parsons

et al. 2022

Preventive Medicine Reports

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“…These disparities may be due to economic, social, and cultural barriers such as low income, lack of adequate health insurance, lower levels of education, lower levels of melanoma awareness, and lower rates of participation in melanoma screening. 60 Rural inhabitants are subject to higher levels of UV exposure, 61 are more likely to experience blistering sunburns, 62 and are more likely to develop melanoma, 63 yet are less likely to use sunscreen. 64 Differences in sunscreen use may be explained by confounding factors such as age, income, and education.…”

Section: Socioeconomic Variables and Urbanizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The sociological basis of the skin cancer epidemic

2022

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Given the precipitous rise in its incidence in recent decades, skin cancer has been recognized as a growing epidemic. We explore the sociological underpinnings of this epidemic, including: (1) aging of the demographic; (2) human ecologic factors (residing in areas with high ambient ultraviolet levels and a depleted ozone layer); (3) large‐scale European migration to more equatorial latitudes; (4) social structures that for centuries minimized miscegenation and maximized segregation; (5) gender‐based differences in sunbathing, tanning, sunscreen use, and clothing choice; (6) occupational ultraviolet exposure; (7) the complex interplay of socioeconomic status, race, and urbanization on skin cancer incidence and mortality; (8) the effects of war on skin cancer incidence; (9) cultural shifts in clothing, travel, outdoor sports, recreation, and attitudes towards being tan; and (10) the indirect effects of religion. We show that without these sociological factors, the most common type of cancer would not be nearly as common.

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Higher Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure Among Rural-Dwelling Versus Urban-Dwelling Adults and Children: Implications for Skin Cancer Prevention

Cited by 10 publications

References 20 publications

Vitamin D Deficiency in Childhood Obesity: Behavioral Factors or Altered Metabolism?

Vitamin D Deficiency in Childhood Obesity: Behavioral Factors or Altered Metabolism?

Outdoor activities and sunburn among urban and rural families in a Western region of the US: Implications for skin cancer prevention

The sociological basis of the skin cancer epidemic

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