CwG would constitute a well-differentiated convulsive syndrome. Prognosis is excellent, but a relatively important percentage of patients relapse when suffering a new diarrhea episode.

Background/Objectives:Vitamin D deficiency may contribute to endocrine health and disease (diabetes, autoimmune thyroid diseases, polycystic ovarian syndrome, etc.). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and specific factors for hypovitaminosis D among children stratified by body mass index (BMI) in Northern Spain.Subjects/Methods:A cross-sectional clinical (sex, age, season of study visit, place of residence and BMI) and blood testing (calcium, phosphorous, calcidiol and parathyroid hormone (PTH)) were accomplished in 546 Caucasian individuals (aged 3.2–15.8 years). The BMI (Z-score) allowed establishing four groups: normal, overweight, obesity and severe obesity. The criteria of the US Endocrine Society were used for the definition of hypovitaminosis D.Results:Calcidiol levels were significantly higher in normal and overweight groups (P=0.001), whereas PTH levels were significantly higher in obesity and severe obesity groups (P=0.001). Hypovitaminosis D prevalence was significantly higher in severe obesity (81.1%) and obesity (68.2%) groups, whereas was lowest in overweight (55%) and normal (58.1%) groups (P=0.001). There was a negative correlation between calcidiol and PTH levels (P<0.01). Female (90.9%), adolescent group (88,2%), winter (100%) and autumn (82.4%) time and urban residence (94.1%) imply a higher prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in subjects with severe obesity (P<0.001). Female, puberal age, autumn, winter and spring time, urban residence and severe obesity were found to be independent predictors for hypovitaminosis D.Conclusions:Severe obesity could be considered as an associated factor for vitamin D deficiency, and, owing to its high prevalence, the implementation of systematic screening and hypovitaminosis treatment programs would be particularly useful.

All incident cases of children living in Navarre, Spain, younger than 15 years of age with newly diagnosed epilepsy (2002-2005) were registered in a prospective study, with epidemiologic and clinical data and complementary study results collected. Based on International League Against Epilepsy criteria, 191 patients were diagnosed as having epilepsy. The overall incidence rate is 62.6 cases per 100 000, with the highest incidence (95.3 cases per 100 000) during the first year of life. Fifty-five percent of patients have focal epilepsies, 42.9% generalized epilepsies, and 2.1% undetermined epilepsies. Among infants, West syndrome (45.5%), epilepsies associated with specific syndromes (27.3%), and focal symptomatic epilepsies (13.6%) are the most prevalent syndromes. In early childhood, the main syndromes are focal symptomatic (22.7%) and cryptogenic (21.2%) epilepsies and Doose syndrome (13.6%). Among school-aged children, focal benign epilepsies (27.8%) and cryptogenic and absence epilepsies (18.5% for both) are the most prevalent, with focal cryptogenic epilepsies (26.5%) and benign epilepsies (18.4%) most prevalent among adolescents.

Data for children 1 month to 15 years of age at the time of diagnosis of epilepsy were recorded from the children's hospital "Virgen del Camino" in Pamplona (Spain) from January to December 2005. International League Against Epilepsy criteria were used for diagnoses. A total of 365 children were recruited into the study. Mean age at diagnosis was 5.97 years, and time of follow-up was 4.6 years. Etiology was idiopathic in 166 (45.5%), cryptogenic in 106 (29.0%), and symptomatic in 93 (25.5%). Focal seizures were seen in 52.9% of the patients, generalized epilepsy in 43.5%, and 3.6% were not determined. In infants, West syndrome (34.1%) and focal symptomatic seizures (24.4%) were the most prevalent syndromes. In early childhood, the main syndromes were cryptogenic focal epilepsies (17.7%) and Doose syndrome (12.8%). In school-aged children, benign epilepsies (27.3%) and absences (24.5%) were prevalent. In adolescents, cryptogenic focal epilepsies (26.6%) and benign epilepsies (23.4%).

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