Higher tropical SSTs strengthen the tropical upwelling via deep convection

Deckert, Rudolf; Dameris, Martin

doi:10.1029/2008gl033719

Cited by 59 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The SST increases in runs E2 to E4 all caused a decrease in the stratospheric mean age-of-air, implying that SST increases tend to accelerate upward transport in the stratosphere. This result is consistent with the results in previous studies (Deckert and Dameris, 2008;Shu et al, 2011). Overall, the mean age-of-air in the upper stratosphere was youngest in E4 and the oldest in E3 (Fig.…”

Section: Effects Of Sst Changes On the Bdc And Tropopausesupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Subsequently, some studies have argued that BDC is mainly affected by SST changes and that radiative effects of GHGs are less important than the SST changes in modulating tropical upwelling (Xie et al, 2008). Deckert and Dameris (2008) suggested that warmer tropical SSTs will strengthen the lower-stratospheric BDC in the tropics in the summer hemisphere via enhancing deep-convective generation of upward propagating quasi-stationary eddies. Some other studies have shown that SST changes can modulate BDC by changing propagation properties of synoptic and planetary-scale waves both in the troposphere and stratosphere (e.g., Butchart et al, 2006Butchart et al, , 2010Shepherd and McLandress, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of meridional sea surface temperature changes on stratospheric temperature and circulation

Tian

Xie

et al. 2014

Adv. Atmos. Sci.

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Article:Hu, D, Tian, W, Xie, F et al. (2 more authors) (2014) Effects of meridional sea surface temperature changes on stratospheric temperature and circulation. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 31 (4). 888 -900. ISSN 0256-1530 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-013-3152-6 eprints@whiterose.ac.uk https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Reuse Unless indicated otherwise, fulltext items are protected by copyright with all rights reserved. The copyright exception in section 29 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 allows the making of a single copy solely for the purpose of non-commercial research or private study within the limits of fair dealing. The publisher or other rights-holder may allow further reproduction and re-use of this version -refer to the White Rose Research Online record for this item. Where records identify the publisher as the copyright holder, users can verify any specific terms of use on the publisher's website. TakedownIf you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing eprints@whiterose.ac.uk including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. ABSTRACT Using a state-of-the-art chemistry-climate model, we analyzed the atmospheric responses to increases in sea surface temperature (SST). The results showed that increases in SST and the SST meridional gradient could intensify the subtropical westerly jets and significantly weaken the northern polar vortex. In the model runs, global uniform SST increases produced a more significant impact on the southern stratosphere than the northern stratosphere, while SST gradient increases produced a more significant impact on the northern stratosphere. The asymmetric responses of the northern and southern polar stratosphere to SST meridional gradient changes were found to be mainly due to different wave properties and transmissions in the northern and southern atmosphere. Although SST increases may give rise to stronger waves, the results showed that the effect of SST increases on the vertical propagation of tropospheric waves into the stratosphere will vary with height and latitude and be sensitive to SST meridional gradient changes. Both uniform and non-uniform SST increases accelerated the large-scale Brewer-Dobson circulation (BDC), but the gradient increases of SST between 60 • S and 60 • N resulted in younger mean age-of-air in the stratosphere and a larger increase in tropical upwelling, with a much higher tropopause than from a global uniform 1.0 K SST increase.

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Section: Effects Of Sst Changes On the Bdc And Tropopausesupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of meridional sea surface temperature changes on stratospheric temperature and circulation

Tian

Xie

et al. 2014

Adv. Atmos. Sci.

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“…2c and d shows that the SST/SI weaken the westerly wind over the middle and high latitudes of the SH and NH and substantially strengthens both subtropical jets extending their upper flanks in a vertical direction. Such changes of the subtropical jets enhance penetration and dissipation of waves in the lower stratosphere leading to an intensification of the BDC (Rind et al, 2002;Deckert and Dameris, 2008;Garcia and Randel, 2008;Calvo and Garcia, 2009;McLandress and Shepherd, 2009;Shepherd and McLandress, 2011). Additional warming of the polar lower stratosphere caused by the ODS forcing (see Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of external factors in the evolution of the ozone layer and stratospheric circulation in 21st century

et al. 2013

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The chemistry-climate model (CCM) SOCOL has been used to evaluate the contributions of the main anthropogenic factors to the simulated changes of ozone and stratospheric dynamics during the 21st century. As the main anthropogenic factors we consider the atmospheric concentration of the greenhouse gases (GHG), ozone depleting substances (ODS) and sea surface temperature and sea ice (SST/SI). The latter is considered here as an independent factor because the majority of the CCMs prescribe its evolution. We have performed three sets of "time slice" numerical experiments for the years 2000, 2050, and 2100 taking into account all factors separately and all together. The total column ozone increase during the first half of the 21st century is caused by the ODS, especially in the middle and high latitudes of both hemispheres. In the tropics and the extra tropical region of the Northern Hemisphere (NH) the SST/SI forcing plays a very important role in the evolution of atmospheric ozone during the second half of the 21st century. The GHG affect the temperature and ozone mainly in the upper stratosphere and in the lower stratosphere of the high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere (SH). In the lower tropical stratosphere of the NH, the long-term changes of the temperature, zonal wind and the meridional circulation are controlled mainly by the SST/SI. The strong contribution of the SST/SI to the ozone and circulation changes in the future implies that some differences between the results by different CCMs could be caused by the applied SST/SI rather than by the CCM's deficiencies. We suggest taking this issue into account for the planning of the future model evaluation campaigns

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“…The drop in tropical tropopause temperature and reduced entry of water vapor into the stratosphere at the end of 2000 appears to be connected to an enhanced rate of tropical upwelling [58,59] and associated changes in eddy wave driving [61]. Moreover, there is still no agreement about the cause-effect-chain for the strengthening of tropical upwelling near the tropical tropopause; both tropical SST changes [62] and changes in high-latitude wave forcing [63] have been suggested. Another hint for an insufficient understanding of atmospheric processes determining the variability of tropopause temperature and not least the water vapor content in the lower stratosphere is that by now, no CCM has simulated a similar sharp decrease of tropopause temperature or water vapor concentration at any specific period during multi-decadal simulations.…”

Section: Water Vapor In the Stratospherementioning

confidence: 95%

Numerical Modeling of Climate-Chemistry Connections: Recent Developments and Future Challenges

Dameris

Jöckel

2013

Atmosphere

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This paper reviews the current state and development of different numerical model classes that are used to simulate the global atmospheric system, particularly Earth's climate and climate-chemistry connections. The focus is on Chemistry-Climate Models. In general, these serve to examine dynamical and chemical processes in the Earth atmosphere, their feedback, and interaction with climate. Such models have been established as helpful tools in addition to analyses of observational data. Definitions of the global model classes are given and their capabilities as well as weaknesses are discussed. Examples of scientific studies indicate how numerical exercises contribute to an improved understanding of atmospheric behavior. There, the focus is on synergistic investigations combining observations and model results. The possible future developments and challenges are presented, not only from the scientific point of view but also regarding the computer technology and respective consequences for numerical modeling of atmospheric processes. In the future, a stronger cross-linkage of subject-specific scientists is necessary, to tackle the looming challenges. It should link the specialist discipline and applied computer science.

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Higher tropical SSTs strengthen the tropical upwelling via deep convection

Cited by 59 publications

References 25 publications

Effects of meridional sea surface temperature changes on stratospheric temperature and circulation

Effects of meridional sea surface temperature changes on stratospheric temperature and circulation

Role of external factors in the evolution of the ozone layer and stratospheric circulation in 21st century

Numerical Modeling of Climate-Chemistry Connections: Recent Developments and Future Challenges

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