2018
DOI: 10.1016/j.spacepol.2018.03.002
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Higher Resolution Satellite Imagery of Israel and Palestine: Reassessing the Kyl-Bingaman Amendment

Abstract: Since 1997, the Kyl-Bingaman Amendment (KBA) to the 1997 U.S. National Defense Authorization Act, has limited the availability of high-resolution satellite imagery over Israel and Palestine. Although this law only applies to the United States of America, as this country dominates the commercial market for satellite imagery, its impact is global. Since 2012, the KBA has become increasingly anachronistic, as non-U.S. satellite firms, utilizing increasingly sophisticated satellite technologies, have begun retaili… Show more

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Cited by 16 publications
(10 citation statements)
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References 13 publications
(15 reference statements)
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“…It should be noted that these areas were extracted, in a first stage, from Google Earth aerial imagery. It is remarkable, also, that the Google Earth uses aerial imagery, in natural colors, provided by Airbus Defense and Space under contract with French Centre National d'Études Spatiales (CNES) at a spatial resolution of 0.5 m [52]. The surfaces were then validated by field measurements using a Trimble GeoXH 2008 Series GPS device.…”
Section: Flash-flood Inventorymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It should be noted that these areas were extracted, in a first stage, from Google Earth aerial imagery. It is remarkable, also, that the Google Earth uses aerial imagery, in natural colors, provided by Airbus Defense and Space under contract with French Centre National d'Études Spatiales (CNES) at a spatial resolution of 0.5 m [52]. The surfaces were then validated by field measurements using a Trimble GeoXH 2008 Series GPS device.…”
Section: Flash-flood Inventorymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Where the quality or coverage of freely-available imagery is not satisfactory (as is the case for Palestine [Zerbini and Fradley 2018]), EAMENA has been purchasing VHR, multispectral imagery from a wide range of international retailers.…”
Section: Methodology and Datasetsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Flights over Israel are known to have targeted the Dimona nuclear facility, and possibly other cities and sites, but have been systematically excluded from the declassification process. This is likely due to the 1996 Kyl-Bingaman Amendment to the 1997 Defense Authorization Act, which restricts the resolution of imagery of Israel and Palestine that may be distributed by US-based companies (Zerbini and Fradley 2018).…”
Section: Cameras Film and Middle Eastern Flightsmentioning
confidence: 99%