Higher Prevalence of Secretory CSE1L/CAS in Sera of Patients with Metastatic Cancer

Abstract

Metastatic markers are highly useful diagnostic and prognostic indicators of cancer metastasis. Herein, we report that secretory CSE1L/CAS, a cellular apoptosis susceptibility protein, is a new marker for metastatic cancer. CAS was colocalized with matrix metalloproteinase-2 in vesicles surrounding the outside of MCF-7 cell membranes, and the COOH-terminal domain of CAS was associated with matrix metalloproteinase-2-containing vesicles. Immunohistochemical staining for CAS was positive in the stroma and gland lumens of human metastatic cancer tissues. CAS was also detected in conditioned medium from B16-F10 melanoma cells and more frequently in the sera of patients with metastatic cancer than in sera from patients with primary cancer. Specifically, the prevalence of serum CAS in serum samples from 146 patients was 58.2% (32 of 55), 32.0% (8 of 25), and 12.1% (8 of 66) for patients with metastatic, invasive, and primary cancers, respectively. Our results suggest that CAS is a secretory protein associated with cancer metastasis, which may have clinical utility in metastatic cancer screening and diagnosis.

Suppression of Cellular Apoptosis Susceptibility (CSE1L) Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer Cells

“…Pathological studies demonstrated that CSE1L was highly expressed in various cancers, and the expression of CSE1L was positively correlated with high cancer stage, high cancer grade and worse outcome in cancer patients (Tsao et al, 2009b). Several studies have reported that CSE1L regulates the secretion of human colorectal cancer cells, and metastasis of several cancer such as prostate and breast cancer cells (Ching-Fong et al, 2008;Tsao et al, 2009b;Tung et al, 2009). Moreover, CSE1L also facilitates the migration of breast cancer cell lines (Tai et al, 2010).…”

Does CSE1L Overexpression Affect Distant Metastasis Development in Breast Cancer?

“…Moreover, increased CSE1L expression enhances the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and the invasiveness of cancer cells [20]. Furthermore, reduction in CSE1L expression resulted in metastasis inhibition in B16 and F10 melanoma cells in mice [21], and overexpression of CSE1L in MCF-7 breast cancer cells increased the migration and invasiveness of cancer cells [20]. CSE1L is mapped on chromosome 20q13 which is known to harbor amplifications that correlate with aggressive breast cancer [22].…”

CSE1L (CSE1 chromosome segregation 1-like (yeast))

“…The protein is involved in nuclear protein transport (Lindsay et al, 2002), cell apoptosis , microtubule assembly , cell secretion , and cancer cell invasion (Liao et al, 2008;Tung et al, 2009;Stella Tsai et al, 2010) etc.…”