Higher intakes of flavonoids are associated with lower salivary IL‐1β and maintenance of periodontal health 3–4 years after scaling and root planing

Abstract

Aims Higher intakes of fruits and vegetables, and vitamin C are associated with improved periodontal healing post‐scaling and root planing (SRP). This study determined if this association was sustained at 3–4 years post‐SRP, and if flavonoid intake is associated with periodontal health. Whether reduced probing depth (PD) is sustained and whether PD is correlated with salivary IL‐1β, IL‐6 and CRP at 3–4 years post‐SRP were also studied. Materials and Methods Clinical periodontal outcomes, dietary intakes and salivary markers of inflammation were measured in patients (n = 43, 23 females, 37–93 years) who had undergone SRP 3–4 years earlier and had been part of a periodontal maintenance programme. Results Flavonoid intake was inversely associated with PD (p = .042) and salivary IL‐1β concentration (p = .015) after adjustment for multiple confounders. When changes in PD were considered, the association of flavonoid intake with reduced PD became borderline significant (p = .051) but persisted for IL‐1β (p = .018). PD at 3–4 years and 2–4 months post‐SRP was similar. There was a positive correlation between PD and salivary IL‐1β (p = .005) but not with salivary CRP and IL‐6. Conclusion Higher flavonoid intake is associated with lower IL‐1β. Also, regular supportive periodontal therapy maintained the improved PD at 3–4 years post‐SRP regardless of smoking status.

Waistline to the gumline: Relationship between obesity and periodontal disease‐biological and management considerations

“…Nutritional supplements and flavonoids have been shown to decrease inflammation and improve periodontal therapy outcomes 91,92 . An inverse relationship between flavonoid intake and probing pocket depth and salivary interleukin‐1‐beta levels has been demonstrated 93 . A study by Alhassani et al, 94 however, identified no significant effects of dietary flavonoids on the pathogenesis of periodontitis.…”

Intervention with inulin prior to and during sanative therapy to further support periodontal health: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

“…All periodontal examinations will be completed by Registered Dental Hygienists with 15 years or more of experience using a periodontal probe. Multiple hygienists will participate in this study and to ensure consistency among measurements, they will be calibrated to apply 25 N of pressure by using an electronic scale [ 27 ]. Six PD sites will be measured on all teeth and implants (mesiobuccal, buccal, distobuccal, mesiolingual, lingual, and distolingual) as previously described [ 27 ].…”

“…Multiple hygienists will participate in this study and to ensure consistency among measurements, they will be calibrated to apply 25 N of pressure by using an electronic scale [ 27 ]. Six PD sites will be measured on all teeth and implants (mesiobuccal, buccal, distobuccal, mesiolingual, lingual, and distolingual) as previously described [ 27 ]. The total number of sites with probing depths ≥ 4 mm will be measured.…”

Factors influencing the failure of dental implants: A Systematic Review

“…A person who has a distinctive mental or physical feature compared to individuals of the same age is considered as a medically compromised patient (MCP). These patients may face a higher medical risk due to the presence of more interactions between implant surgery and their disease [42][43][44][45][46][47][48]. Therefore, these patients are required to fill in a medical questionnaire and do some exhaustive medical examination before implant placement, which will be helpful for the estimation of the patient's risk and determination of the specific measures that should be adopted.…”