Higher Education and Income Distribution in a Less Developed Country

Job mobility and segmentation in Australian city labour markets

“…There is a close link between processes of mobility, job competition and economic disadvantage for the less skilled workers particularly in times of overall job rationing as exists in the Australian economy in 2006. While cities may offer chances for prosperity relative to less-dense employment growth areas, they also generate perverse dynamics including so-called 'bumping down' effects whereby as the supply of skilled workers expands more highly educated workers compete with less skilled (educated) workers for similar jobs and according to Thurow (1998: 33) the high skill workers 'bump down the job distribution' driving the less-skilled workers either further down the occupational ladder or into unemployment (see Fields, 1975). Skott and Auerbach (2005) conclude that the rising proportion of high-skill workers without high-skill employment who bump down into lower-skill jobs can explain a substantial increase in US wage inequality.…”

Educação superior pública no Brasil: custos, benefícios e efeitos distributivos

“…Com isso, ele conclui que os estudantes de famílias com menor renda seriam mais benefi ciados do que aqueles de maior renda. Machlis (1973) para Nova Iorque, Fields (1975) para o Quênia, Crean (1975) para o Canadá, Merz (1982) para a Suíça, James (1987) para o Japão e Lemelin (1992) são exemplos de estudos empíricos sobre o mesmo tema. Todos eles usam um cálculo de transferência líquida.…”

“…Todos eles usam um cálculo de transferência líquida. Com exceção de Fields (1975), que apresenta os grupos de renda média como os principais benefi ciados, e Lemelin (1992), que encontra um impacto regressivo quando a educação dos pais é usada para defi nir a posição social das famílias, todos os outros autores concluem por incidência proporcional.…”

The Distributional Impact of Subsidies to Higher Education – Empirical Evidence from Germany

“…Taking into account these adjustments, McGuire concluded that the subsidy granted to students in each segment of public higher education in California was, both on the average and in the aggregate, larger for students from below-average-income families than that granted to students from families with above-average incomes. Machlis (1973) for New York, Fields (1975) for Kenya, Crean (1975) for Canada, Merz (1981) for Switzerland, James and Benjamin (1987) for Japan, Lemelin (1992) for Quebec and Grüske (1994) for Germany provided more empirical results. All of them used a net-transfer calculation.…”