Higher alkyl sulfatase activity required by microbial inhabitants to remove anionic surfactants in the contaminated surface waters

Abstract

Biodegradation of anionic surfactants, like sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) are challenged by some bacteria through the function of the enzyme alkyl sulfatases. Therefore, identifying and characterizing bacteria capable of degrading SDS with high alkyl sulfatase enzyme activity are pivotal. In this study, bacteria isolated from surfactant contaminated river water were screened for their potential to degrade SDS. Primary screening carried out by the conventional enrichment culture technique and assessment of SDS-degrading ability through methylene blue active substance assay revealed 12, out of 290, SDS-degrading surface water bacteria with maximum SDS degrading abilities of 46-94% in 24-54 h. The isolates exhibited optimum growth at SDS concentration of 1 g/L, but tolerated up to 15-75 g/L. Eleven isolates were identified as the species of Pseudomonas and one isolate was identified as Aeromonas through 16S rRNA sequencing. Proteolytic activity of alkyl sulfatases in the identified isolates was shown by using native-PAGE analysis. The determined enzyme activities changed in between 1.32 and 2.90 U/mg in the crude extracts. Preliminary experiments showed that the isolates with the alkyl sulfatase enzyme activities ≥2.50 U/mg were strong gratuitous degraders. However, their relative importance in soil, sewage, and wastewater treatment plants remains to be assessed.

Growth on Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS) by a Bacterial Consortium Isolated from Volcanic Soil

“…1). Similar to the results of this study [14,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35], mesophilic degraders often grow best at temperatures between 25 and 35 °C when degrading or growing SDS.…”

“…Bacteria capable of decomposing SDS have been documented in the literature, and there is a wide range of species. includes Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Pantoea agglomerans [36], Pseudomonas betelli and Acinetobacter johnsoni [37], Klebsiella oxytoca [38] as well as Burkholderia sp., and Serratia odorifera [39,40] and many more [14,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. SDS can be degraded by a psychrotolerant bacterium even at temperatures below 10 degrees Celsius [41].…”

Mathematical Modelling on the effect of Mercury on the Growth Rate of Serratia marcescens strain DRY6 on Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate

“…They are used in a wide range of applications and can bring benefits to various HISTORY technological processes and biological systems by reducing the energy needed for contact and solvation in multiple heterogeneous phases [15]. Microorganisms that can degrade SDS and use it as a carbon source for growth and energy are at the forefront of bioremediation efforts for this hazardous compound in the environment [16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Contaminated effluent containing hazardous metal ions can inhibit the growth and ability of bacteria to utilize toxic substances like SDS.…”

Biodegradation of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonates (LAS): A Mini Review

“…BAS initially appeared on the market in the early 1930s but experienced considerable development from the late 1940s forward. In early literature, BAS formulation or syndets (synthetic detergent) were often used as synthetic detergents [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. The Friedel-Crafts alkylation of benzene with propylene tetramer followed by sulfonation was what they had planned.…”

“…Linear alkylbenzene sulfonates, which mostly superseded BAS, began to be phased out in detergent products in the 1960s (LAS). Where fast biodegradability is less essential, it is nevertheless important in some agricultural and commercial processes, where rapid biodegradation is required [5,[15][16][17][18][19][20].…”