High-yield and high-calorific bio-oil production from concentrated sulfuric acid hydrolysis lignin in supercritical ethanol

Riaz, Asim; Kim, Chang Soo; Kim, Yunje; Kim, Jae-Hoon

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2015.12.051

Cited by 102 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…This generated phenyl methyl radicals, then part of the phenyl methyl radical was coupled with ethoxy radicals that released from the homolytic cleavage reaction of ethanol, mainly forming benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-, and ethyl ester. This conclusion is consistent with previous literature (Güvenatam et al 2016b;Riaz et al 2016). Meanwhile, the molecular formula of benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-, ethyl ester; 2-propanone, 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-, and benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-all have the same aromatic structure and methoxy substituent groups.…”

Section: Effect Of Reaction Conditions On the Components Of Liquid Oilssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…This indicated that higher ethanol ratios enhanced the depolymerization of lignin to liquid oil and decreased the char formation. This phenomenon may have been caused by the hydrogen radicals formed by the homolysis of ethanol that were involved in the coupled reactions among the lignin depolymerization intermediates, and the inhibition of repolymerization reaction intermediates, preventing char formation (Güvenatam et al 2016b;Riaz et al 2016). Based on the characteristics of the depolymerization liquid products (Table 1), the possible coupled reaction patterns are presented in Fig.…”

Section: Effect Of Reaction Conditions On the Yields Of Depolymerizatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reason for this phenomenon may have been that the low temperature depolymerization process led to the depolymerization reaction being inadequate Kim et al 2013). As the reaction increased to 240 ºC, the high heat transfer efficiency and high content of the hydrogen radical of the supercritical ethanol system could ensure the energy needed for the depolymerization reaction and inhibit the repolymerization reaction (Riaz et al 2016). However, as the depolymerization temperature increased to 300 ºC, the depolymerization reaction rate occurred too quickly, and formed a large amount of depolymerization intermediate radicals, leading to a higher probability of the repolymerization reaction occurring, and a decrease in the liquid oil yield (Yao et al 2015).…”

Section: Effect Of Reaction Conditions On the Yields Of Depolymerizatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cheng et al (2012) found that an 89% yield of degraded alkali lignin was achieved as alkali lignin was depolymerized in 50/50 (v/v) water-ethanol at 300 ºC for 2 h under 5 MPa H2. Riaz et al (2016) proposed that the effective liquefaction associated with supercritical ethanol resulted in a high conversion of 92% and high bio-oil yield of 85 wt.% at 350 ºC in a short reaction time of 30 min. Kim et al (2013) concluded that the yields of liquid oil and solid char were directly influenced by reaction conditions, and the depolymerization reaction was significantly accelerated by increasing the reaction temperature, which led to lignin-derived phenols in the oil fraction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catalytic Depolymerization of Alkali Lignin in Sub- and Super-critical Ethanol

Guo¹,

Liu²,

Tang³

et al. 2017

BioResources

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The effects of reaction parameters on catalytic depolymerization of alkali lignin in sub-and super-critical ethanol were investigated using a high pressure autoclave, and the liquid oil and solid char products were characterized. The experimental data indicated that Rh catalysis, controlling reaction conditions at ethanol critical temperature (240 ºC) and pressure (7.0 MPa), high ethanol/water ratios (100/0), and the medium reaction time (4 h) enhanced the depolymerization of alkali lignin to liquid oil and decreased the char formation. A gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis showed that the main compositions of liquid oils were phenols, esters, ketones, and acid compounds, and the supercritical state favored the formation of bio-phenols, but the subcritical state improved the generation of bio-esters. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) spectra analysis showed that the addition of the Raney/Ni and Rh/C catalysis could inhibit the re-fusion of alkali lignin micron-sized spheres in the supercritical ethanol, which led to an increase in the occurrence of the depolymerization reactions.

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Section: Effect Of Reaction Conditions On the Components Of Liquid Oilssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Effect Of Reaction Conditions On the Yields Of Depolymerizatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Reaction Conditions On the Yields Of Depolymerizatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Catalytic Depolymerization of Alkali Lignin in Sub- and Super-critical Ethanol

Guo¹,

Liu²,

Tang³

et al. 2017

BioResources

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show abstract

“…This fact can be explained by the lower content of lignin presented by the waste of this species. Wood rich in lignin contributes to a higher gravimetric yield in charcoal and high content of fi xed carbon (RIAZ et al, 2016). This is due to the high content of carbon present in the lignin structure (RAGAN; MEGONNEL, 2011).…”

Section: Gravimetric Yield and Immediate Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Extractives and Carbonization Temperature on Energy Characteristics of Wood Waste in Amazon Rainforest

Moulin

Nobre

Castro

et al. 2017

CERNE

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ABSTRACT:The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of extractives soluble in hot water, besides final carbonization temperatures, on the gravimetric yield and properties of charcoal for waste of three native forest species from the Amazon region. Waste cuttings of Ipé, Grapia and Maçaranduba species, from the machine processing for joinery of a company in the State of Pará, were used. Carbonization was carried out in an adapted electric furnace with a heating rate of 1.67°C min -1 and final temperatures of 500, 600 and 700°C. The waste was carbonized fresh after extraction in hot water to remove extractives. Gravimetric yields were analyzed, as well as chemical features and high heating value. In the evaluation of the experiment, arranged in a factorial scheme with three factors (species x temperature x material with and without extraction), and Principal Component Analysis used too. The presence of extractives (soluble in hot water) from wood waste had little influence on the gravimetric yield and immediate chemical composition of charcoal; however, it showed a greater high heating value and lower contents of hydrogen and nitrogen. The increase in the final carbonization temperature reduced the gravimetric yield in charcoal, the content of volatile materials and hydrogen, with a higher content of fixed carbon, carbon and high heating value. The treatments with the best energy characteristics were obtained from Ipé and Maçaranduba charcoals with extractives produced at 600°C, in addition to Ipê and Maçaranduba charcoals with and without extractives obtained at 700°C. EFEITO DOS EXTRATIVOS E TEMPERATURA DE CARBONIZAÇÃO NAS CARACTERÍSTICAS ENERGÉTICAS DE RESÍDUOS MADEIREIROS DA AMAZÔNIARESUMO: O objetivo foi avaliar o efeito dos extrativos solúveis em água quente e temperatura final de carbonização no rendimento gravimétrico e propriedades do carvão vegetal em resíduos de três espécies florestais nativas, provenientes da região amazônica. Foram utilizados resíduos de aparas das espécies de ipê, garapa e maçaranduba, provenientes do processamento de usinagem da marcenaria de uma empresa do estado do Pará. As carbonizações foram realizadas em forno elétrico adaptado utilizando uma taxa de aquecimento de 1,67°C min -1 e temperaturas finais de 500, 600 e 700ºC. Os resíduos foram carbonizados in natura e após extração em água quente para remoção dos extrativos. Foram analisados os rendimentos gravimétricos, as análises químicas e o poder calorífico superior. A presença de extrativos solúveis em água quente dos resíduos das madeiras pouco influenciaram no rendimento gravimétrico e na composição química imediata do carvão vegetal, contudo apresentou maior poder calorífico superior, menor teor de hidrogênio e nitrogênio. O aumento da temperatura final de carbonização reduziu o rendimento gravimétrico em carvão vegetal, o teor de materiais voláteis e de hidrogênio, havendo aumento do teor de carbono fixo, teor de carbono e poder calorífico superior. Os tratamentos com as melhores características energéticas fo...

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Agrowaste Lignin as Source of High Calorific Fuel and Fuel Additive

Jha,

Namdeo

2023

Biorefinery Production of Fuels and Platform Chemicals

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High-yield and high-calorific bio-oil production from concentrated sulfuric acid hydrolysis lignin in supercritical ethanol

Cited by 102 publications

References 46 publications

Catalytic Depolymerization of Alkali Lignin in Sub- and Super-critical Ethanol

Catalytic Depolymerization of Alkali Lignin in Sub- and Super-critical Ethanol

Effect of Extractives and Carbonization Temperature on Energy Characteristics of Wood Waste in Amazon Rainforest

Agrowaste Lignin as Source of High Calorific Fuel and Fuel Additive

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