High Wavenumber Raman Spectroscopy for in Vivo Detection of Cervical Dysplasia

Abstract

Raman spectroscopy is a vibrational spectroscopic technique capable of optically probing the biomolecular changes associated with neoplastic transformation. The purpose of this study was to apply near-infrared (NIR) Raman spectroscopy in the high wavenumber (HW) region (2800-3700 cm(-1)) for in vivo detection of cervical dysplasia. A rapid-acquisition NIR Raman spectroscopy system associated with a ball-lens fiber-optic Raman probe was developed for in vivo spectroscopic measurements at 785 nm excitation. A total of 92 in vivo HW Raman spectra (46 normal, 46 dysplasia) were acquired from 46 patients with Pap smear abnormalities of the cervix. Significant difference in Raman intensities of prominent Raman bands at 2850 and 2885 cm(-1) (CH(2) stretching of lipids), 2940 cm(-1) (CH(3) stretching of proteins), and the broad Raman band of water (peaking at 3400 cm(-1) in the 3100-3700 cm(-1) range) were observed in normal and dysplasia cervical tissue. The diagnostic algorithms based on principal components analysis and linear discriminant analysis together with the leave-one-patient-out cross-validation method on in vivo HW Raman spectra yielded a diagnostic sensitivity of 93.5% and specificity of 97.8% for dysplasia tissue identification. This study demonstrates for the first time that HW Raman spectroscopy has the potential for the noninvasive, in vivo diagnosis and detection of precancer of the cervix.

Resonance Raman and Raman Spectroscopy for Breast Cancer Detection

“…Over the past three decades, there has been tremendous growth worldwide of optical spectroscopic techniques (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24) using 785 nm laser light from diode lasers, especially in Raman spectroscopic characterization and discrimination of breast malignancy (6,18,19,(25)(26)(27). However, few works disclose resonance Raman spectra differences of the cancerous and normal tissues and study biological basis of these differences (12).…”

Integrated Mueller-matrix near-infrared imaging and point-wise spectroscopy improves colonic cancer detection

“…The enhanced metabolic rate in colonic cancer [36] contributes to the increased water content as water provides the conversion of mechanical energy developed by contractile proteins into the chemical energy useful in cell process [37]. The increased water for the cancerous colonic tissue has also been observed in other cancer tissues (e.g., esophagus [28], stomach [38], cervix [39][40][41] and brain [42]) by using Raman spectroscopy [4,28,[38][39][40][41][42]. We have also found the decreased DR of hemoglobin band (940 nm) for the colonic cancer, signifying the increased hemoglobin content associated with colonic cancer tissue.…”

Optical coherence tomography—current technology and applications in clinical and biomedical research

“…It provides a chemical fingerprint of a sample, that can be used to distinguish diseased tissue from healthy [254,255], and is especially promising for diagnosis of early stage cancer or pre-cancer conditions [256,257]. Patil et al showed that data from Raman spectroscopy can help to accurately classify skin lesions when OCT images alone are ambiguous [258,259].…”