The operation reliability of spacecraft in orbitis affected by the interaction with space plasma, research on the space enviroment by advanced testing method is important. It is costly to carry out research and analysis with space flight. Therefore, tests using ground vacuum environment simulation system are of significance. This paper proposed the structure design, simulation analysis and numerical calculation methods for the three subsystems of plasma environment simulation system, including vacuum vessel, vacuum acquisition and vacuum measurement and control. The simulation results show that the maximum stress of the vacuum vessel is 113.2MPa , and the maximum deformation is 0.59mm , at the same time, vacuum technology index, structural stability and human-machine interaction performance of the system can meet the experimental research requirement.