We present measured dielectron production cross sections for Ca+Ca, C+C, He+Ca, and d+Ca reactions at 1.0 A·GeV. Statistical uncertainties and systematic effects are smaller than in previous DLS nucleus-nucleus data. For pair mass M ≤ 0.35 GeV/c 2 : 1) the Ca+Ca cross section is larger than the previous DLS measurement and current model results, 2) the mass spectra suggest large contributions from π 0 and η Dalitz decays, and 3) dσ/dM ∝ A P ·A T . For M > 0.5 GeV/c 2 the Ca+Ca to C+C cross section ratio is significantly larger than the ratio of A P ·A T values. 1Dielectrons produced in heavy-ion collisions are attractive probes for studying dynamical properties of nucleus-nucleus interactions. The e + e − pairs do not undergo significant rescattering in the reaction, thus the kinematics of the pairs retains information about their production. This is of particular interest if the e + e − pairs are produced by processes, such as pion annihilation, that must occur during in the hot, dense phase of the collisions. Use of this probe has produced interesting results at both Bevalac [1] and SPS [2] energies. We present in this letter the latest measurements of dielectron production from the Dilepton Spectrometer (DLS) Collaboration in nucleus-nucleus reactions at a beam kinetic energy of 1.0 A·GeV.The DLS collaboration has previously reported on dielectron production in several colliding systems [1,3,4]. The first generation DLS data from p+Be, Ca+Ca, and Nb+Nb [1,3] reactions provided the first observations of dielectrons produced at Bevalac energies. Early calculations suggested that such data could be dominated by contributions from π + π − annihilation [5,6]. Subsequent models of AA collisions in this energy regime [7][8][9] calculated that e + e − pairs of invariant mass below about 0.4 GeV/c 2 are produced primarily from conventional hadronic sources, such as pn bremsstrahlung and Dalitz decay processes (π 0 , ∆, and η), but that contributions from π + π − annihilation were needed to explain the Ca+Ca data at higher pair masses. Models that focus on density induced changes in the ρ-meson mass provide alternative descriptions of the pair yield at the higher masses [10,11]. Within the limited statistics of the first generation DLS data, it was not possible to distinguish among the models that provided results for specific DLS measurements.After improvements to the DLS apparatus [13][14][15], a second generation of measurements was obtained: first from p+p and p+d reactions at a number of energies [4], and then from the Ca+Ca, C+C, He+Ca, and d+Ca reactions presented in this letter. Each of these data sets contain significantly more pairs than earlier DLS data. To increase our sensitivity to the effects of multiple hadronic interactions (e.g. π + π − annihilation and multi-step resonance excitation), the nucleus-nucleus reactions were chosen to have different numbers of participant nucleons, but identical isospin and similar internal nuclear motion. 2A description of the DLS apparatus has been published [13...

Measurements of dielectron production in p + p and p + d collisions with beamkinetic energies from 1.04 to 4.88 GeV are presented. The differential cross section is presented as a function of invariant pair mass, transverse momentum, and rapidity. The shapes of the mass spectra and their evolution with beam energy provide information about the relative importance of the various dielectron production mechanisms in this energy regime. The p + d to p + p ratio of the dielectron yield is also presented as a function of invariant pair mass, transverse momentum, and rapidity. The shapes of the transverse momentum and rapidity spectra from the p + d and p + p systems are found to be similar to one another for each of the beam energies studied. The beam energy dependence of the integrated cross sections is also presented.

Gas desorption and electron emission coefficients were measured for 1 MeV potassium ions incident on stainless steel at grazing angles (between 80 and 88 from normal incidence) using a new gaselectron source diagnostic (GESD). Issues addressed in design and commissioning of the GESD include effects from backscattering of ions at the surface, space-charge limited emission current, and reproducibility of desorption measurements. We find that electron emission coefficients e scale as 1= cos up to angles of 86 , where e 90. Nearer grazing incidence, e is reduced below the 1= cos scaling by nuclear scattering of ions through large angles, reaching e 135 at 88. Electrons were emitted with a measured temperature of 30 eV. Gas desorption coefficients 0 were much larger, of order 0 10 4. They also varied with angle, but much more slowly than 1= cos. From this we conclude that the desorption was not entirely from adsorbed layers of gas on the surface. Two mitigation techniques were investigated: rough surfaces reduced electron emission by a factor of 10 and gas desorption by a factor of 2; a mild bake to 220 had no effect on electron emission, but decreased gas desorption by 15% near grazing incidence. We propose that gas desorption is due to electronic sputtering.

Pion double charge exchange has been used to populate the double isobaric analog state (DIAS) in 208 Po with use of the doubly magic target 208 Pb. The DIAS was found at an excitation energy of 32.46 ±0.17 MeV with a width of 0.85 ±0.40 MeV. The excitation energy of the DIAS can be used along with the energy of the isobaric analog state to determine separately the linear and the quadratic terms of the isobaric-multiplet-mass equation. The resulting linear and quadratic terms are b= -31.6 ±3.7 MeV and c = 0.33 ±0.09 MeV, respectively.

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