High‐velocity impact behavior and quasi‐static indentation of new elastomeric nanocomposites reinforced with cellulose nanofibers and lignin powder

Abstract

The present study investigates the indentation resistance of elastomeric nanocomposites based on natural rubber with different amounts of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) under quasi‐static indentation (QSI) and high‐velocity impact (HVI) tests. At first, the baking characteristics and hardness of the samples were checked. The results showed that with the increase in CNFs content, the hardness of the samples increases, and the optimal baking time decreases. A high‐quality final product is produced through good dispersion and acceptable physical bonding between the CNF filler and the rubber chain. Further, the results of quasi‐static indentation showed that the amount of energy absorption for optimal loading of 6 phr increased by 43% compared to a control sample (0 phr). Similarly, from the high‐speed impact results for optimal loading (6 phr), the ballistic limit and energy absorption values increased by 23.6 and 52.7%, respectively, compared to the control sample (0 phr). It was also observed for higher values (9,12 phr) that the glass transition temperature, Tg, effect significantly affected the fracture behavior of the samples due to the high‐speed impact. Finally, CNFs provide better bonding with polymer chains to improve properties through good interaction with natural rubber, making them suitable for energy absorption applications.Highlights New elastomeric nanocomposites reinforced with cellulose nanofibers were made. Increasing the amount of CNFs decreases the optimum curing temperature. The hardness of elastomeric nanocomposites is increased by cellulose nanofibers. The indentation properties of nanocomposites have increased significantly. The optimum value of 6‐phr increased the impact resistance of nanocomposites.

Investigating mechanical properties and energy absorption of elastomeric polymer nanocomposites containing cellulose nanofibers in tensile, quasi-static compression, and high strain rate tests

“…Natural rubber with the aim of the concept of sustainability and protection from the environment and resistance to shock loads and penetration with partial carbon replacement through the use of lignin fillers and CNFs shows promising results in high-speed shock loading and quasi-static permeability. Therefore, the use of these elastomeric compounds is suitable for impact applications [40][41][42]. In a similar study, the possibility of replacing carbon black with cellulose nanofibers up to 15 phr was reported, which showed a significant improvement in the tensile strength and strain energy density of rubber compounds [39].…”

Green and efficient utilization of cellulose by in situ regenerating rod‐like cellulose crystals in dry blending rubber compounds

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