High-Velocity Bipolar Molecular Emission From an Agn Torus

Gallimore, J. F.; Elitzur, Moshe; Maiolino, R.; Marconi, A.; O’Dea, C. P.; Lutz, D.; Baum, Stefi A.; Nikutta, Robert; Impellizzeri, C. M. V.; Davies, R. I.; Kimball, Amy; Sani, E.

doi:10.3847/2041-8205/829/1/l7

Cited by 124 publications

(169 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…A small fraction of the obscuration could come from gas on kpc-scales, as some IR studies have postulated (Deo et al 2007;Goulding et al 2012;Prieto et al 2014). A weak connection may also arise due to the long-lived gaseous inflow patterns between the torus and circumnuclear gas, or due to the molecular emission from the torus itself (Gallimore et al 2016;García-Burillo et al 2016). Modern interferometric observatories such as ALMA will obtain molecular line maps that resolve the inner circum-nuclear region (∼100 pc) for complete samples of nearby AGN.…”

Section: Is Agn Obscuration Related To the Amount Of Cold Gas In A Gamentioning

confidence: 99%

LLAMA: normal star formation efficiencies of molecular gas in the centres of luminous Seyfert galaxies

Rosario

Burtscher

Davies

et al. 2017

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Using new APEX and JCMT spectroscopy of the CO 2→1 line, we undertake a controlled study of cold molecular gas in moderately luminous (L bol = 10 43−44.5 erg s −1 ) Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) and inactive galaxies from the Luminous Local AGN with Matched Analogs (LLAMA) survey. We use spatially resolved infrared photometry of the LLAMA galaxies from 2MASS, WISE, IRAS & Herschel, corrected for nuclear emission using multi-component spectral energy distribution (SED) fits, to examine the dust-reprocessed star-formation rates (SFRs), molecular gas fractions and star formation efficiencies (SFEs) over their central 1-3 kpc. We find that the gas fractions and central SFEs of both active and inactive galaxies are similar when controlling for host stellar mass and morphology (Hubble type). The equivalent central molecular gas depletion times are consistent with the disks of normal spiral galaxies in the local Universe. Despite energetic arguments that the AGN in LLAMA should be capable of disrupting the observable cold molecular gas in their central environments, our results indicate that nuclear radiation only couples weakly with this phase. We find a mild preference for obscured AGN to contain higher amounts of central molecular gas, which suggests a connection between AGN obscuration and the gaseous environment of the nucleus. Systems with depressed SFEs are not found among the LLAMA AGN. We speculate that the processes that sustain the collapse of molecular gas into dense pre-stellar cores may also be a prerequisite for the inflow of material on to AGN accretion disks.

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Section: Is Agn Obscuration Related To the Amount Of Cold Gas In A Gamentioning

confidence: 99%

LLAMA: normal star formation efficiencies of molecular gas in the centres of luminous Seyfert galaxies

Rosario

Burtscher

Davies

et al. 2017

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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“…For example, NGC 1068 hosts in its center a nuclear torus (García-Burillo et al 2016;Gallimore et al 2016), while NGC 1377 shows a hot compact core dominated by gas along the jet (Aalto et al 2017), which is extremely radio-quiet in contrast to the one in Cen A. A question that remains open is whether this difference reflects different steps in the evolutionary sequence or just simply different scenarios and morphologies.…”

Section: A Lack Of Co/hcomentioning

confidence: 99%

Disentangling the Circumnuclear Environs of Centaurus A. III. An Inner Molecular Ring, Nuclear Shocks, and the CO to Warm H₂ Interface

Espada

Matsushita

Miura

et al. 2017

ApJ

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We present the distribution and kinematics of the molecular gas in the circumnuclear disk (CND, 400 pc × 200 pc) of Centaurus A with resolutions of ∼5 pc (0. 3) and shed light onto the mechanism feeding the Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN) using CO(3-2), HCO + (4-3), HCN(4-3), and CO(6-5) observations obtained with ALMA. Multiple filaments or streamers of tens to a hundred parsec scale exist within the CND, which form a ring-like structure with an unprojected diameter of 9 × 6 (162 pc × 108 pc) and a position angle P A 155• . Inside the nuclear ring, there are two leading and straight filamentary structures with lengths of about 30-60 pc at P A 120• on opposite sides of the AGN, with a rotational symmetry of 180• and steeper position-velocity diagrams, which are interpreted as nuclear shocks due to non-circular motions. Along the filaments, and unlike other nearby AGNs, several dense molecular clumps present low HCN/HCO + (4-3) ratios ( 0.5). The filaments abruptly end in the probed transitions at r 20 pc from the AGN, but previous near-IR H 2 (J=1-0)S(1) maps show that they continue in an even warmer gas phase (T∼1000 K), winding up in the form of nuclear spirals, and forming an inner ring structure with another set of symmetric filaments along the N-S direction and within r 10 pc. The molecular gas is governed primarily by non-circular motions, being the successive shock fronts at different scales where loss of angular momentum occurs, a mechanism which may feed efficiently powerful radio galaxies down to parsec scales.

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“…These authors found that the redshifted and blueshifted CO J=6-5 emission lines were aligned along the north-south direction, which is highly tilted with respect to the morphologically elongated east-west direction (i.e., the expected torus direction), and interpreted that the molecular gas in the torus is highly turbulent (Garcia-Burillo et al 2016). Gallimore et al (2016) also detected redshifted and blueshifted CO J=6-5 line emission roughly along the north-south direction and argued that the detected emission originated from bipolar outflow activity in the direction almost perpendicular to the torus. The dynamical origin of the compact CO J=6-5 line emission is not clear, and the CO J=6-5 emission could be largely affected by highly excited molecular gas in the outflow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ALMA Reveals an Inhomogeneous Compact Rotating Dense Molecular Torus at the NGC 1068 Nucleus

Imanishi

Nakanishi

Izumi³

et al. 2018

ApJL

133

113

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We present the results of our ALMA Cycle 4 high-spatial-resolution (0.′′ 04-0. ′′ 07) observations, at HCN J=3-2 and HCO + J=3-2 lines, of the nucleus of NGC 1068, the nearby prototypical type 2 active galactic nucleus (AGN). Our previous ALMA observations identified the compact emission of these lines at the putative location of the torus around a mass-accreting supermassive black hole. We now report that we have detected the rotation of this compact emission, with the eastern and western sides being redshifted and blueshifted, respectively. Unlike the previously reported CO J=6-5 emission, both the morphological and dynamical alignments of the HCN J=3-2 and HCO + J=3-2 emission are roughly aligned along the east-west direction (i.e., the expected torus direction), suggesting that these molecular lines are better probes of a rotating dense molecular gas component in the torus. The western part of the torus exhibits larger velocity dispersion and stronger emission in the HCN J=3-2 and HCO + J=3-2 lines than the eastern part, revealing a highly inhomogeneous molecular torus. The dense molecular gas in the torus and that of the host galaxy at 0.′′ 5-2. ′′ 0 from the AGN along the torus direction are found to be counter-rotating, suggesting an external process happened in the past at the NGC 1068 nucleus.

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High-Velocity Bipolar Molecular Emission From an Agn Torus

Cited by 124 publications

References 30 publications

LLAMA: normal star formation efficiencies of molecular gas in the centres of luminous Seyfert galaxies

LLAMA: normal star formation efficiencies of molecular gas in the centres of luminous Seyfert galaxies

Disentangling the Circumnuclear Environs of Centaurus A. III. An Inner Molecular Ring, Nuclear Shocks, and the CO to Warm H₂ Interface

ALMA Reveals an Inhomogeneous Compact Rotating Dense Molecular Torus at the NGC 1068 Nucleus

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High-Velocity Bipolar Molecular Emission From an Agn Torus

Cited by 124 publications

References 30 publications

LLAMA: normal star formation efficiencies of molecular gas in the centres of luminous Seyfert galaxies

LLAMA: normal star formation efficiencies of molecular gas in the centres of luminous Seyfert galaxies

Disentangling the Circumnuclear Environs of Centaurus A. III. An Inner Molecular Ring, Nuclear Shocks, and the CO to Warm H2 Interface

ALMA Reveals an Inhomogeneous Compact Rotating Dense Molecular Torus at the NGC 1068 Nucleus

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Disentangling the Circumnuclear Environs of Centaurus A. III. An Inner Molecular Ring, Nuclear Shocks, and the CO to Warm H₂ Interface