High Variability and Rapid Evolution of a Nanovirus

Grigoras, Ioana; Timchenko, Tatiana; Grande-Pérez, Ana; Katul, L.; Vetten, Heinrich‐Josef; Gronenborn, Bruno

doi:10.1128/jvi.00607-10

Cited by 69 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…However, how the absence of each of these segments induces differences in the infection kinetics and aphid transmission remains to be characterized in detail for FBNYV and for the FBNSV isolate used here. Despite these observations, and because in all described natural isolates of FBNYV and FBNSV the eight 'core' genome segments were always present, all eight are considered to be integral parts of the viral genome 30 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, the sequences of the eight segments diverge considerably, even in non-coding regions 13,30 , and a distinct regulation during replication cannot be excluded. Under this hypothesis (H2), the replication rate of each segment would directly reflect the observed differences in accumulated GCNs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, the different formulae observed in M. truncatula may be suboptimal, and may more trivially reflect mal-adaptation of this isolate of FBNSV to this particular host (the FBNSV isolate used here was isolated originally from V. faba 13 ). As no consensus sequence change could be observed in FBNSV populations after two successive passages in V. faba 30 , longer experimental evolution both in M. truncatula and in V. faba may be required to assess whether the genome formula evolves, and to identify adaptive mutations responsible for the putative formula change.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gene copy number is differentially regulated in a multipartite virus

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gene copy number is differentially regulated in a multipartite virus

et al. 2013

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“…The FBNSV infectious clone used in this study is derived from an Ethiopian isolate maintained by serial passages on V. faba over 3 years and corresponds to the infectious clone used in previous studies (15)(16)(17). Briefly, each of the eight FBNSV genome segments is cloned as a tandem repeat in plasmid pBin19 and transferred into the Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain COR308.…”

Section: Host Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulative Nonpropagative Aphid Transmission of Nanoviruses: an Oversimplified View

Sicard

Zeddam

Yvon

et al. 2015

J Virol

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Plant virus species of the family Nanoviridae have segmented genomes with the highest known number of segments encapsidated individually. They thus likely represent the most extreme case of the so-called multipartite, or multicomponent, viruses. All species of the family are believed to be transmitted in a circulative nonpropagative manner by aphid vectors, meaning that the virus simply crosses cellular barriers within the aphid body, from the gut to the salivary glands, without replicating or even expressing any of its genes. However, this assumption is largely based on analogy with the transmission of other plant viruses, such as geminiviruses or luteoviruses, and the details of the molecular and cellular interactions between aphids and nanoviruses are poorly investigated. When comparing the relative frequencies of the eight genome segments in populations of the species Faba bean necrotic stunt virus (FBNSV) (genus Nanovirus) within host plants and within aphid vectors fed on these plants, we unexpectedly found evidence of reproducible changes in the frequencies of some specific segments. We further show that these changes occur within the gut during early stages of the virus cycle in the aphid and not later, when the virus is translocated into the salivary glands. This peculiar observation, which was similarly confirmed in three aphid vector species, Acyrthosiphon pisum, Aphis craccivora, and Myzus persicae, calls for revisiting of the mechanisms of nanovirus transmission. It reveals an unexpected intimate interaction that may not fit the canonical circulative nonpropagative transmission. IMPORTANCEA specific mode of interaction between viruses and arthropod vectors has been extensively described in plant viruses in the three families Luteoviridae, Geminiviridae, and Nanoviridae, but never in arboviruses of animals. This so-called circulative nonpropagative transmission contrasts with the classical biological transmission of animal arboviruses in that the corresponding viruses are thought to cross the vector cellular barriers, from the gut lumen to the hemolymph and to the salivary glands, without expressing any of their genes and without replicating. By monitoring the genetic composition of viral populations during the life cycle of Faba bean necrotic stunt virus (FBNSV) (genus Nanovirus), we demonstrate reproducible genetic changes during the transit of the virus within the body of the aphid vector. These changes do not fit the view that viruses simply traverse the bodies of their arthropod vectors and suggest more intimate interactions, calling into question the current understanding of circulative nonpropagative transmission. P lant viruses of the families Luteoviridae, Geminiviridae, and Nanoviridae are transmitted in a circulative (persistent) nonpropagative manner by their insect vectors (1, 2). This transmission mode is characterized by the internalization of the virus within the insect without replication or even transcription of the viral genome. After feeding on an infected plant, the virus...

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“…Circoviruses, like other eukaryotic ssDNA viruses, may display a high degree of genomic variation due to recombination (Lefeuvre et al 2009, Martin et al 2011) and high mutation rates (Duffy et al 2008, Grigoras et al 2010. This may facilitate the emergence and spread of some ssDNA viruses as pathogens of animals.…”

Section: Avian Gyrovirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging animal viruses: real threats or simple bystanders?

et al. 2013

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The list of animal viruses has been frequently added of new members raising permanent concerns to virologists and veterinarians. The pathogenic potential and association with disease have been clearly demonstrated for some, but not for all of these emerging viruses. This review describes recent discoveries of animal viruses and their potential relevance for veterinary practice. Dogs were considered refractory to influenza viruses until 2004, when an influenza A virus subtype H3N8 was transmitted from horses and produced severe respiratory disease in racing greyhounds in Florida/USA. The novel virus, named canine influenza virus (CIV), is considered now a separate virus lineage and has spread among urban canine population in the USA. A new pestivirus (Flaviviridae), tentatively called HoBi-like pestivirus, was identified in 2004 in commercial fetal bovine serum from Brazil. Hobi-like viruses are genetically and antigenically related to bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and induce similar clinical manifestations. These novel viruses seem to be widespread in Brazilian herds and have also been detected in Southeast Asia and Europe. In 2011, a novel mosquito-borne orthobunyavirus, named Schmallenberg virus (SBV), was associated with fever, drop in milk production, abortion and newborn malformation in cattle and sheep in Germany. Subsequently, the virus disseminated over several European countries and currently represents a real treat for animal health. The origin of SBV is still a matter of debate but it may be a reassortant from previous known bunyaviruses Shamonda and Satuperi. Hepatitis E virus (HEV, family Hepeviridae) is a long known agent of human acute hepatitis and in 1997 was first identified in pigs. Current data indicates that swine HEV is spread worldwide, mainly associated with subclinical infection. Two of the four HEV genotypes are zoonotic and may be transmitted between swine and human by contaminated water and undercooked pork meat. The current distribution and impact of HEV infection in swine production are largely unknown. Avian gyrovirus type 2 (AGV2) is a newly described Gyrovirus, family Circoviridae, which was unexpectedly found in sera of poultry suspected to be infected with chicken anemia virus (CAV). AGV2 is closely related to CAV but displays sufficient genomic differences to be classified as a distinct species. AGV2 seems to be distributed in Brazil and also in other countries but its pathogenic role for chickens is still under investigation. Finally, the long time and intensive search for animal relatives of human hepatitis C virus (HCV) has led to the identification of novel hepaciviruses in dogs (canine hepacivirus [CHV]), horses (non-primate hepaciviruses [NPHV] or Theiler's disease associated virus [TDAV]) and rodents. For these, a clear and definitive association with disease is still lacking and only time and investigation will tell whether they are real disease agents or simple spectators.

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High Variability and Rapid Evolution of a Nanovirus

Cited by 69 publications

References 76 publications

Gene copy number is differentially regulated in a multipartite virus

Gene copy number is differentially regulated in a multipartite virus

Circulative Nonpropagative Aphid Transmission of Nanoviruses: an Oversimplified View

Emerging animal viruses: real threats or simple bystanders?

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