High vacuum technology

Development of a multiple layer vacuum insulation chip

“…For air (c = 1.4, M = 28.98) at T = 300 K and a = 0.8 in contact with aluminum [16], Eq. (24) is replaced by:…”

Design and construction of Alborz tokamak vacuum vessel system

“…A list of the possible leak detection methods with their sensitivities can be found in Ref. [18]. In this case for preliminary low vacuum leak testing (up to 10 −3 mbar), acetone spray method is used and for high vacuum leak testing (up to 10 −6 mbar) the spray method of He leak detector is used.…”

An experimental setup for visualizations and measurements on free hypersonic jets

“…The vacuum is obtained through two vacuum pumps, a lobe pump and a vane pump in cascade configuration, these two devices are capable to lower the internal pressure down to 0.5 -1 Pa. All parts in the vessel are designed according to the correct principles of vacuum technology [8].…”