High-vacuum-compatible high-power Faraday isolators for gravitational-wave interferometers

Palashov, O.; Zheleznov, Dmitry; Voitovich, A. V.; Zelenogorsky, V. V.; Kamenetsky, E.E.; Хазанов, Е. А.; Martin, R. M.; Dooley, K. L.; Williams, L.; Lucianetti, Antonio; Quetschke, V.; Mueller, G.; Reitze, D. H.; Tanner, D. B.; Genin, É.; Canuel, B.; Marque, J.

doi:10.1364/josab.29.001784

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…For Advanced LIGO those include the light source (a pre-stabilized laser) [32,33], the main optics [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41], the signal recycling mirror (used to optimize the GW signal extraction) [5,42,43], the optics suspension and seismic isolation systems [44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57], the sensing and control strategies [58][59][60], the automation system [61], and various techniques for the mitigation of optical contamination, stray light and thermal effects [62][63][64][65].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Open data from the first and second observing runs of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo

Abbott,

Abraham

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo are actively monitoring the sky and collecting gravitational-wave strain data with sufficient sensitivity to detect signals routinely. In this paper we describe the data recorded by these instruments during their first and second observing runs. The main data products are the gravitational-wave strain arrays, released as time series sampled at 16384 Hz. The datasets that include this strain measurement can be freely accessed through the Gravitational Wave Open Science Center at http://gw-openscience.org, together with data-quality information essential for the analysis of LIGO and Virgo data, documentation, tutorials, and supporting software.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Open data from the first and second observing runs of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo

Abbott,

Abraham

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…To compensate thermally induced birefringence, the isolator uses two terbium gallium garnet (TGG) crystals for Faraday rotation, with a quartz rotator in between. Compensation of thermal lensing is achieved by incorporating a negative dn/dT material (deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate, or 'DKDP') in the assembly [26]. …”

Section: Faradaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced LIGO

Aasi¹,

Abbott²,

Abbott³

et al. 2015

Class. Quantum Grav.

2,766

2,281

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The Advanced LIGO gravitational wave detectors are second generation instruments designed and built for the two LIGO observatories in Hanford, WA and Livingston, LA. The two instruments are identical in design, and are specialized versions of a Michelson interferometer with 4 km long arms. As in initial LIGO, Fabry-Perot cavities are used in the arms to increase the interaction time with a gravitational wave, and power recycling is used to increase the effective laser power. Signal recycling has been added in Advanced LIGO to improve the frequency response. In the most sensitive frequency region around 100 Hz, the design strain sensitivity is a factor of 10 better than initial LIGO. In addition, the low frequency end of the sensitivity band is moved from 40 Hz down to 10 Hz. All interferometer components have been replaced with improved technologies to achieve this sensitivity gain. Much better seismic isolation and test mass suspensions are responsible for the gains at lower frequencies. Higher laser power, larger test masses and improved mirror coatings lead to the improved sensitivity at mid-and highfrequencies. Data collecting runs with these new instruments are planned to begin in mid-2015.

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“…Here, the magnitude of the rotation φ of plane-polarized light is proportional to the strength of the magnetic field B , the path length d , and the wavelength-dependent Verdet constant V (Figure a). Several key magneto-optical technologies rely on materials with large Verdet constants, including optical isolators crucial to our telecommunication infrastructure , and magneto-optical imaging devices used in aircraft fuselage inspection. , The development of materials with larger Verdet constants may lead to lighter, less expensive, and more sensitive instruments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large Faraday Rotation in Optical-Quality Phthalocyanine and Porphyrin Thin Films

et al. 2021

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The magneto-optical phenomenon known as Faraday rotation involves the rotation of plane-polarized light as it passes through an optical medium in the presence of an external magnetic field oriented parallel to the direction of light propagation. Faraday rotators find applications in optical isolators and magnetic-field imaging technologies. In recent years, organic thin films comprised of polymeric and small-molecule chromophores have demonstrated Verdet constants, which measure the magnitude of rotation at a given magnetic field strength and material thickness, that exceed those found in conventional inorganic crystals. We report herein the thin-film magnetic circular birefringence (MCB) spectra and maximum Verdet constants of several commercially available and newly synthesized phthalocyanine and porphyrin derivatives. Five of these species achieved maximum Verdet constant magnitudes greater than 10 5 deg T −1 m −1 at wavelengths between 530 and 800 nm. Notably, a newly reported zinc(II) phthalocyanine derivative (ZnPc-OT) reached a Verdet constant of −33 × 10 4 deg T −1 m −1 at 800 nm, which is among the largest reported for an organic material, especially for an opticalquality thin film. The MCB spectra are consistent with resonance-enhanced Faraday rotation in the region of the Q-band electronic transition common to porphyrin and phthalocyanine derivatives, and the Faraday A-term describes the electronic origin of the magneto-optical activity. Overall, we demonstrate that phthalocyanines and porphyrins are a class of rationally designed magnetooptical materials suitable for applications demanding large Verdet constants and high optical quality.

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High-vacuum-compatible high-power Faraday isolators for gravitational-wave interferometers

Cited by 26 publications

References 14 publications

Open data from the first and second observing runs of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo

Open data from the first and second observing runs of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo

Advanced LIGO

Large Faraday Rotation in Optical-Quality Phthalocyanine and Porphyrin Thin Films

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