High‐throughput droplet‐based microfluidics for directed evolution of enzymes

Chiu, Flora W. Y.; Stavrakis, Stavros

doi:10.1002/elps.201900222

Cited by 52 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 134 publications

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“…Droplet devices are also instrumental in the investigation of conditions necessary for protein crystallization [ 189 , 190 ], while microfluidic implements for the optimization of polymerase chain reaction are being actively developed; several commercial models exist already [ 191 ]. In several studies, the directed evolution of enzymes was even optimized utilizing different architectures of a droplet apparatus [ 192 , 193 , 194 ].…”

Section: Droplet-based Microfluidics: Speciation In Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of Species before Origin of Life: The Role of Speciation in Chemical Evolution

Jia

Caudan

Mamajanov

2021

Life

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Speciation, an evolutionary process by which new species form, is ultimately responsible for the incredible biodiversity that we observe on Earth every day. Such biodiversity is one of the critical features which contributes to the survivability of biospheres and modern life. While speciation and biodiversity have been amply studied in organismic evolution and modern life, it has not yet been applied to a great extent to understanding the evolutionary dynamics of primitive life. In particular, one unanswered question is at what point in the history of life did speciation as a phenomenon emerge in the first place. Here, we discuss the mechanisms by which speciation could have occurred before the origins of life in the context of chemical evolution. Specifically, we discuss that primitive compartments formed before the emergence of the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) could have provided a mechanism by which primitive chemical systems underwent speciation. In particular, we introduce a variety of primitive compartment structures, and associated functions, that may have plausibly been present on early Earth, followed by examples of both discriminate and indiscriminate speciation affected by primitive modes of compartmentalization. Finally, we discuss modern technologies, in particular, droplet microfluidics, that can be applied to studying speciation phenomena in the laboratory over short timescales. We hope that this discussion highlights the current areas of need in further studies on primitive speciation phenomena while simultaneously proposing directions as important areas of study to the origins of life.

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Section: Droplet-based Microfluidics: Speciation In Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of Species before Origin of Life: The Role of Speciation in Chemical Evolution

Jia

Caudan

Mamajanov

2021

Life

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“…Direct enzyme evolution can be very powerful if an appropriate high-throughput assay can be set up. Droplet-based microfluidic is thus well appropriate for this evolution, and its combination with IVTT (in vitro transcription–translation system) enables to screen for even larger libraries as it avoids transformation step in E. coli prior to the screen [ 130 , 131 ]. Alternative to this method is the direct in vivo enzyme evolution using automated micro-reactors as developed by Altar company ( http://www.altar.bio/about-us/ ).…”

Section: Conclusion and Prospectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering microbial pathways for production of bio-based chemicals from lignocellulosic sugars: current status and perspectives

François

Alkım

Morin

2020

Biotechnol Biofuels

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Lignocellulose is the most abundant biomass on earth with an annual production of about 2 × 10 11 tons. It is an inedible renewable carbonaceous resource that is very rich in pentose and hexose sugars. The ability of microorganisms to use lignocellulosic sugars can be exploited for the production of biofuels and chemicals, and their concurrent biotechnological processes could advantageously replace petrochemicals’ processes in a medium to long term, sustaining the emerging of a new economy based on bio-based products from renewable carbon sources. One of the major issues to reach this objective is to rewire the microbial metabolism to optimally configure conversion of these lignocellulosic-derived sugars into bio-based products in a sustainable and competitive manner. Systems’ metabolic engineering encompassing synthetic biology and evolutionary engineering appears to be the most promising scientific and technological approaches to meet this challenge. In this review, we examine the most recent advances and strategies to redesign natural and to implement non-natural pathways in microbial metabolic framework for the assimilation and conversion of pentose and hexose sugars derived from lignocellulosic material into industrial relevant chemical compounds leading to maximal yield, titer and productivity. These include glycolic, glutaric, mesaconic and 3,4-dihydroxybutyric acid as organic acids, monoethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol and 1,2,4-butanetriol, as alcohols. We also discuss the big challenges that still remain to enable microbial processes to become industrially attractive and economically profitable.

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“…Development of a miniaturized scale framework known as biochips, Bio-MEMS, or LOC [17][18][19], improves the applications for high-throughput biological screening [20], cell analysis, and clinical diagnostics [21], as well as point-of-care (POC) analysis for biomedical and environmental monitoring [22]. There are many unmatched advantages of microsystems over conventional analytical, chemical, and biomedical tools.…”

Section: Recent Development Of Integrated Microfluidics Biosensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic nanoparticles in microfluidic and sensing: From transport to detection

et al. 2020

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Superparamagnetic nanoparticles are attracting significant attention. Therefore, being explored in microsystems for a wide range of applications. Typical examples include labon-a-chip and microfluidics for synthesis, detection, separation, and transportation of different bioanalytes, such as biomolecules, cells, and viruses to develop portable, sensitive, and cost-effective biosensing systems. Particularly, microfluidic systems incorporated with magnetic nanoparticles and, in combination with magnetoresistive sensors, shift diagnostic and analytical methods to a microscale level. In this context, nanotechnology enables the miniaturization and integration of a variety of analytical functions in a single chip for manipulation, detection, and recognition of bioanalytes reliably and flexibly. In consideration of the above, recent development and benefits are elaborated herein to discuss the role of magnetic nanoparticles inside the microchannels to design highly efficient disposable point-of-care applications from transportation to the detection of bioanalytes.

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High‐throughput droplet‐based microfluidics for directed evolution of enzymes

Cited by 52 publications

References 134 publications

Origin of Species before Origin of Life: The Role of Speciation in Chemical Evolution

Origin of Species before Origin of Life: The Role of Speciation in Chemical Evolution

Engineering microbial pathways for production of bio-based chemicals from lignocellulosic sugars: current status and perspectives

Magnetic nanoparticles in microfluidic and sensing: From transport to detection

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