High throughput differential identification of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion genes in prostate cancer patient urine

A review of current clinical biomarkers for prostate cancer: towards personalised and targeted therapy

“…[40][41][42][43] The role of TMPRSS2 protein in prostate carcinogenesis depends on the overexpression of ETS transcription factors such as ERG and ETS-translocation variant 1 (ETV1) through gene fusion, and several studies have reported that the TMPRSS2:ERG is the most frequent gene fusion found in 40-80% of human prostate cancers. [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51] Numerous studies have reported that TMPRSS2 is an androgen-responsive gene and as a result ERG overexpression resulting from TMPRSS2:ERG fusion may contribute to the development of androgen-independence in prostate cancer through the disruption of androgen-receptor signalling (ARS), especially in castrate-resistant prostate cancer, 40,41,45,[49][50][51] and could be exploited for prostate cancer diagnosis in tissue, urine and blood samples. 40 According to Kulda et al, 41 TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion appears in early high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and it has been observed that its presence in prostate cancer cells promotes the loss of the Phosphate and Tensin Homologue Deleted on Chromosome 10 (PTEN), a tumour suppressor gene, which subsequently leads to the acceleration of disease progression.…”

“…Current studies have indicated that the identification of TMPRSS2:ERG fusion in prostate cancer suggests that distinct molecular subtypes may further define the risk for the disease progression. 44,47,49 It has also been reported that the presence of TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion in prostate tumours is associated with an aggressive phenotype, moderate to poorly differentiated prostate tumours and disease recurrence, progression and prostate cancer-specific death and has potential as a prognostic indicator for prostate cancer. 47,49,50,52 Several studies have investigated the potential of the TMPRSS2: ERG gene fusion as a prognostic biomarker in prostate cancer and its relationship with various clinicopathologic parameters such as age, serum PSA level, Gleason score, histological features and pathologic stage.…”

Bio-barcode detection technology and its research applications: A review

“…Nanomaterials are less commonly used in the detection of small-substances, such as additives in food and pesticide residues, than macromolecules; one of the main reasons is the structure of small molecules, which cannot bind to two antibodies due to steric hindrance. To solve this problem, the double sandwich structure can be replaced with a competition model [94] , [95] , [4] , [96] . The main schematic diagram is shown in Fig.…”

“…In recent years, there has been continuous development and exploration in the fields of medicine, clinical detection, molecular biology, immunology, and nanotechnology, among others [1] , [2] , [3] , [4] , [5] , [6] . There are now higher requirements for the trace analysis of macromolecules and small molecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids, as well as agricultural and veterinary drugs and environmental pollutants.…”

Quantitative Single-Cell Analysis of Isolated Cancer Cells with a Microwell Array

“…A great deal of information in fundamental cancer biology and clinical cancer diagnosis depends on the detection of biomarkers, usually molecules displayed on the cell surface. − For example, angiogenesis of tumors is closely related to the cell-surface biomarkers tumor endothelial markers 1, 5, and 8. It was found that these three markers are highly expressed in tumor vessels, whereas they are almost undetectable from normal adult mice .…”