“…As a result, ASS‘s often suffer surface damages when they slide against themselves or other metals, which has limited their tribological applications [ 13 ]. For these purposes, surface modification technologies, e.g., thermochemical diffusion treatments (such as nitriding, carburizing, and nitrocarburizing), surface alloying, spraying, laser cladding, physical vapor deposition (PVD), surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT), and friction stir processing have been conducted to enhance the corrosion resistance and tribological property of ASS‘s by forming coatings, films, and layers on the surfaces [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ].…”