The diffusion ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY) protocol for the analysis of reaction mixture of lignocellulosic biomass conversion has been developed and investigated systematically. Model reaction mixtures from cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin conversion, real reaction mixtures of sucrose and glucose dehydration, were facilely separated and assigned in the diffusion dimension without any prior separation or isolation. The shift reagent, EuFOD, was successfully utilized to increase the difference in diffusion and thereby resolution in lignin degradation model. DOSY NMR offers an easy and robust method for the structure identification and reaction mixture separation in biomass conversion. waste aqueous hemicellulose solutions from the pulp and paper and cellulosic ethanol industries. Energy Environ.
Improving the platinum (Pt) mass activity for low‐cost electrochemical hydrogen evolution is an important and arduous task. Here, a selective etching‐reducing fluidized bed reactor technique is reported to create Ti vacancies and firmly anchor single Pt atoms on the active {100} facets of titanium carbide (TiC) to increase the Pt utilization efficiency and improve catalytic activity significantly by a synergistic effect between Ti vacancies and Pt atoms. The generated Ti vacancies are negatively charged and stabilize Pt atoms by forming covalent PtC bonds, showing excellent long‐term durability. Pt single atoms (ultralow load of 1.2 µg cm−2) on the defective TiC {100} show remarkable activity (24.9 mV at 10 mA cm−2) and a mass activity (49.69 A mg−1) ≈190 times that of the state‐of‐the‐art PtC catalyst and nearly double the previously reported best values. The developed cation defect engineering exhibits excellent potential for fabricating next‐generation advanced single‐atom catalysts for large‐scale hydrogen evolution at a low cost.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.