“…Insulating layered compounds containing 3d 9 Cu 2+ ions have been widely investigated because of their unique structural, optical, electrical, and magnetic properties. − In particular, since the discovery of the high- T c superconducting cuprates by Bednorz and Müller, there has been considerable progress, as well as controversy, about the physics and chemistry of not only superconducting copper oxides − but also copper oxyfluorides. , Moreover, considerable interest has recently been shown in the solid-state chemistry of fluorides that contain the 4d 9 Ag 2+ ions, including prediction of superconducting phases, charge-transfer character, and two-dimensional ferromagnetism. , A landmark question to understand these materials is how their physical properties follow from their electronic structure and to what extent simplified descriptions in the form of model Hamiltonians describe their basic physical properties in the normal state. In this sense, it has long been argued that, besides the canonical 3d x 2 – y 2 copper orbital, the 3d 3 z 2 – r 2 one plays an important role in the onset for the existence of superconductivity or orbital order, − and therefore, different authors have suggested that the transition temperature, T c , is directly related to the magnitude of the d x 2 – y 2 –d 3 z 2 – r 2 splitting, Δ. − Optical absorption measurements and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) spectra carried out on some copper oxides and fluorides ,− have provided detailed insight into the d–d transitions and the actual value of Δ of these materials.…”