Pd(II)-catalyzed enantioselective C–H activation of phenylacetic acids followed by an intramolecular C–O bond formation afforded chiral benzofuranones. This reaction provides the first example of enantioselecctive C–H functionalizations through Pd(II)/Pd(IV) redox catalysis.
The low recovery and high oil volume remaining in shale oil reservoirs are a strong motivation to investigate the application of enhanced oil recovery methods in these reservoirs. This paper presents the potential of applying cyclic CO 2 injection to improve the recovery factors of shale oil reservoirs. Cyclic CO 2 injection could be an effective technique to improve the oil recovery of this type of reservoirs for several reasons. It is a single-well process; well-to-well connectivity is not required, the hydraulic and natural fractures provide a large contact area for the injected gas to penetrate and diffuse into the lowpermeability matrix; and the payback period of the cyclic CO 2 injection process is short compared with the other flooding process. Very limited numerical and laboratory studies are available to study the feasibility of CO 2 huff-n-puff for shale oil reservoirs. Latest numerical studies have revealed that CO 2 huff-n-puff technique could be an effective method to increase recovery factors of shale oil reservoirs. In order to support the numerical studies results, a laboratory study was conducted using shale cores from Mancos and Eagle Ford. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential of cyclic CO 2 injection. Many design parameters such as soaking period, soaking pressure, and numbers of cycles were considered to evaluate the feasibility of cyclic CO 2 injection. The laboratory results indicate that cyclic CO 2 injection improved recovery of shale oil cores from 33% to 85% depending on the shale core type and the other operating parameters. These results have shown that cyclic CO 2 injection is a promising method to improve the recovery of shale oil reservoirs. Also this study aided to develop a better understanding of the performance of cyclic CO 2 in shale oil reservoirs.
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