High temperature PEMFC and the possible utilization of the excess heat for fuel processing

Jensen, Jens Oluf; Li, Qingfeng; Pan, Chao; Vestbø, Andreas Peter; Mortensen, Kasper; Petersen, Henrik Nybo; Sørensen, Christian Lau; Clausen, Thomas; Schramm, Jesper; Bjerrum, Niels

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.10.034

Cited by 76 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The first patent was filed by Savinell and Litt [22] [29][30][31][32][33], good mechanical properties [34] and excellent thermal stability [35] have been reported at temperatures up to 200 • C under ambient pressure. Fuel cells and related technologies have been developed with operating features such as little humidification [36], high CO tolerance [37], better heat utilization [38,39] and possible integration with fuel processing units [40,41]. Modelling has been carried out for PBI cells with respect to mass transport and polarization phenomena [42][43][44][45][46] as well as system dynamics and design [47][48][49][50].…”

Section: Acid-doped Polybenzimidazole Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High temperature proton exchange membranes based on polybenzimidazoles for fuel cells

Jensen

Savinell

et al. 2009

Progress in Polymer Science

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852

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This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues.Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. To achieve high temperature operation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), preferably under ambient pressure, acid-base polymer membranes represent an effective approach. The phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole membrane seems so far the most successful system in the field. It has in recent years motivated extensive research activities with great progress. This treatise is devoted to updating the development, covering polymer synthesis, membrane casting, physicochemical characterizations and fuel cell technologies. To optimize the membrane properties, high molecular weight polymers with synthetically modified or N-substituted structures have been synthesized. Techniques for membrane casting from organic solutions and directly from acid solutions have been developed. Ionic and covalent cross-linking as well as inorganic-organic composites has been explored. Membrane characterizations have been made including spectroscopy, water uptake and acid doping, thermal and oxidative stability, conductivity, electro-osmotic water drag, methanol crossover, solubility and permeability of gases, and oxygen reduction kinetics. Related fuel cell technologies such as electrode and MEA fabrication have been developed and high temperature PEMFC has been successfully demonstrated at temperatures of up to 200• C under ambient pressure. No gas humidification is mandatory, which enables the elimination of the complicated humidification system, compared with Nafion cells. Other operating features of the PBI cell include easy control of air flow rate, cell temperature and cooling. The PBI cell operating at above 150• C can tolerate up to 1% CO and 10 ppm SO 2 in the fuel stream, allowing for simplification of the fuel processing system and possible integration of the fuel cell stack with fuel processing units. Long-term durability with a degradation rate of 5 V h −1 has been achieved under continuous operation with hydrogen and air at 150-160• C. With load or thermal cycling, a performance loss of 300 V per cycle or 40 V h −1 per operating hour was observed. Further improvement should be done by, e.g. optimizing the thermal and chemical stability of the polymer, acid-base interaction and acid management, activity and stability of catalyst and more importantly the catalyst support, as well as the integral interface between electrode and membrane.

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Section: Acid-doped Polybenzimidazole Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ultracell has constructed miniature methanol reformer/fuel cell systems as a battery recharger with a power range of 5-100 W [51]. Some calculations of energy savings through integration of a high temperature PEMFC with a methane or methanol reformer can be found in [39].…”

Section: Direct Use Of Methanol Reformate and Integration With Fuel Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

High temperature proton exchange membranes based on polybenzimidazoles for fuel cells

Jensen

Savinell

et al. 2009

Progress in Polymer Science

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1,209

852

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“…This means that cooling is more effective in elevated-temperature systems, as there are less efficiency losses associated with the forced cooling of the cell [36].…”

Section: High Temperature Pem Electrolysis Advantages and Drawbacksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sufficient efficiency is achieved using Poly[2,2'-(m-phenylene)-5,5'-bibenzimidazole (PBI) membranes doped with phosphoric acid in PEM fuel cells at temperatures up to 200°C under ambient pressure [36,44,45]. The structure of PBI is shown in Figure 2.…”

Section: Acidic Electrolytes and Polymer Electrolyte Membranes Technomentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Construction Materials for High Temperature Steam PEM Electrolysers

Nikiforov¹,

Christensen²,

Petrushina³

et al. 2012

Electrolysis

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“…However, coupling the exothermic electrochemical reactor (HT-PEMFC) with the endothermic MSR reactor should result in a significant energy integration if both reactors run at a common temperature; saves of more than ca. 11 % of the methanol fuel energy [9]. Since HT-PEMFCs are limited to operate up to 200 °C, the common temperature should be no more than 200 °C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-temperature methanol steam reforming kinetics over a novel CuZrDyAl catalyst

Silva

Mateos-Pedrero

Ribeirinha

et al. 2015

Reac Kinet Mech Cat

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A kinetic study within the low-temperature methanol steam reforming (MSR) reaction range (170 ºC -200 ºC) was performed over a novel CuZrDyAl catalyst. The physicochemical and catalytic properties of the CuZrDyAl catalyst were compared with those of a conventional CuO/ZnO/Al 2 O 3 (G66 MR, Süd-Chemie) sample, taken as reference. The in-house catalyst displays better performances, in terms of methanol conversion and H 2 production, than the reference G66 MR sample.Interestingly, the in-house catalyst is significantly more selective (namely, yielding lower CO concentration) than the commercial one, which gives extra interest for producing fuel cell grade hydrogen. Physicochemical characterization evidences that the in-house catalyst have improved reducibility of copper species compared with the G66-MR, which might account for its better performances.The parameters of a simple power-law equation and two mechanistic kinetic models were determined by non-linear regression, minimizing the sum of the residual squares; the best fitting with the experimental data was obtained when using Model 3, based on the reported work from Peppley et al. [10] for the commercial CuO/ZnO/Al 2 O 3 .This article was published in Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis, 115(1), 321-339, 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11144-015-0846-z 03-11-2017 2 Noteworthy, is the scarce number of MSR kinetic studies at such lower temperature range.

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High temperature PEMFC and the possible utilization of the excess heat for fuel processing

Cited by 76 publications

References 9 publications

High temperature proton exchange membranes based on polybenzimidazoles for fuel cells

High temperature proton exchange membranes based on polybenzimidazoles for fuel cells

Advanced Construction Materials for High Temperature Steam PEM Electrolysers

Low-temperature methanol steam reforming kinetics over a novel CuZrDyAl catalyst

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