High temperature oxidation of TiCrN coatings deposited on a steel substrate by ion plating

Lee, D.B.; Kim, M.H.; Lee, Y.C.; Kwon, Sik Chol

doi:10.1016/s0257-8972(01)01237-3

Cited by 80 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The limited ability of Ti to diffuse through the Cr 2 O 3 layer, and the lack of a continuous TiO 2 phase at this composition, renders the Ti relatively immobile. Therefore, despite the likely lower surface energy of TiO 2 , Cr 2 O 3 is the dominant species at the surface due to these kinetic constraints, in contrast to lower-Cr films that typically exhibit TiO 2 surface layers [19,21]. These results are also consistent with those of Lee et al [21], who examined a film of nearly the same Cr/Ti ratio and found Cr 2 O 3 as the surface oxide with little evidence of Ti.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…This suggests a mechanism where the initial formation of the oxide occurs by nucleation of mixed Cr 2 O 3 /TiO 2 grains, and then by outward diffusion of Cr and some inward diffusion of oxygen leaving a Cr-rich surface oxide layer. Previous studies [19][20][21][22] indicate that at higher Ti fractions in the coating, the volume of TiO 2 formed, and the surface area associated with this volume, makes it energetically more favorable for the TiO 2 to displace the Cr 2 O 3 at the surface. This appears to occur below about x = 0.7 or a Cr/Ti ratio of 2.33.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further studies of the oxidation resistance of TiCrN coatings were reported by Lee et al [19]. Again, discrete Cr/Ti ratios were selected (three in this case), and the coatings were deposited by arc ion plating.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Effect of Cr Content on the Oxidation Behavior of Ti-Cr-N Films

Krzanowski

Foley

2014

Coatings

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ti 1−x Cr x N thin-film samples were sputter-deposited with lateral composition gradients x = 0.1-0.9 across each sample. In order to determine the effect of Cr content on oxidation, samples were air-oxidized at temperatures ranging from 650 to 950 °C. The extent and type of oxide formed was characterized using X-ray diffraction. Only minor oxidation was observed for the 650-750 °C temperature range. At 850 °C, films below x = 0.7 showed poor oxidation resistance, with the formation of TiO 2 and Cr 2 O 3 oxides, but little oxidation occurred above x = 0.7. At 950 °C, films above x = 0.7 again exhibited the best oxidation resistance. Chromium nitride films, which deposited as Cr 2 N, were found to begin oxidizing at 750 °C, indicating that the increased oxidation resistance of the higher-Cr Ti-Cr-N films can be attributed to the Ti-induced stabilization of the B1-structured phase. A compositionally-uniform film (x = 0.79) was also deposited and analyzed by XPS before and after oxidation. Oxidation resulted in primarily Cr 2 O 3 at the surface, with some TiO 2 also present, with the oxide richer in Cr than the starting film composition. These results suggested that at higher Cr compositions in the film, the oxidation mechanism was controlled by Cr diffusion to the surface.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Effect of Cr Content on the Oxidation Behavior of Ti-Cr-N Films

Krzanowski

Foley

2014

Coatings

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However although TiN/VN multilayered coatings exhibit the highest hardness, their widespread applications are currently limited by their propensity to be oxidized, especially at a high temperature, which degrades mechanical properties of TiN/VN multilayered coatings [16][17][18][19]. To avoid this problem, multilayered coatings TiN/CrN or TiN/AlN lead to improved thermal stability and excellent oxidation resistance with no notable loss in hardness [20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies [27] have attributed the property improvement to a thin Cr 2 O 3 layer that can suppress the formation of oxides and voids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Modelling of Multilayered Coatings – Latest Developments and Applications

Yin

Feng

et al. 2014

Manufacturing Rev.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

-The remarkable mechanical properties of multilayered coatings, such as super-hardness, excellent resistance against cracking, low wear-rate and high thermal-stability, are due to their unique interfacial structures and deformation mechanisms at the nanometer scale. The multilayered coating process itself is a typical multi-scale phenomenon. The modelling of multilayered coatings has become an important topic in research recently, largely due to the recent progress that has been made in the numerical modelling of materials and structures at different length-scales as well as the improved effectiveness achieved in linking such progress in numerical modelling to enable multi-scale modelling. In this paper, numerical modelling for the analysis of multilayered coatings at individual lengthscales: Continuum, Molecular and Nano-scale, is reviewed, along with that at multi-scale modelling. Examples are presented showing numerical models obtained using: the Finite Element Method (FEM), Molecular Dynamics (MD), First-principles calculations and Multi-scale modelling, are presented. Their relative limitations are discussed and challenges to their future work highlighted.

show abstract

“…However, TiN coatings are limited for their poor oxidation resistance at high temperature [4]. Recently, ternary systems of Ti-X-N, where X = Al, Si, Cr, C, etc., have been investigated because these coatings possess high hardness, and oxidation resistance [5][6][7][8]. For example, TiAlN, TiCrN and TiCN coatings are now constantly used in various industrial applications, such as metal cutting and forming.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%