High Temperature Corrosion of Chromium and Chromium (III) Oxide in Chlorine and Chlorine‐Oxygen Mixtures

Reinhold, K.; Häuffe, Karl

doi:10.1149/1.2133445

Cited by 36 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Especially, the control of the oxidizing atmosphere may be quite important in the practical process because zinc chloride is extracted not from pure binary PbCl 2 -ZnCl 2 melt but from the multi component system. It is expected that the increase in oxygen partial pressure depresses the evaporation of some elements such as iron which is converted to oxide, and accelerates that of some elements such as chromium [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] and vanadium [28][29][30] due to the volatile oxychloride formation. Therefore, the adequate condition must be selected based on the physical and chemical properties of resources.…”

Section: Recycling Process Of Zinc and Lead By Selectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Evaporation Kinetics of the Molten PbCl2-ZnCl2 System from 973 to 1073 K

Wang

Matsuura

et al. 2007

ISIJ Int.

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The clarification of chlorides evaporation behavior from chloride or oxychloride melts is quite important for the treatment and recycling of fly ash generated from incineration processes of municipal solid waste. In the present study, the evaporation rate of the molten PbCl 2 -ZnCl 2 binary chloride system was measured at 973, 1 023 and 1 073 K. The effects of temperature, composition of the melt and the oxygen partial pressure of atmosphere on the evaporation rate of molten chloride were investigated. The ZnCl 2 in chloride melt evaporated preferentially, but the evaporated amount of PbCl 2 was negligibly small. Calculated activation energy of ZnCl 2 evaporation was 194Ϯ4 kJ/mol and that evaporation rate was smaller than that estimated from ZnCl 2 activity for the PbCl 2 -ZnCl 2 system. Therefore, the evaporation is considered to be controlled by the slower chemical reaction step than the interfacial evaporation reaction. The evaporation rate increased with increasing oxygen partial pressure in the atmosphere, which might be due to the effect of oxychloride formation.

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Section: Recycling Process Of Zinc and Lead By Selectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Evaporation Kinetics of the Molten PbCl2-ZnCl2 System from 973 to 1073 K

Wang

Matsuura

et al. 2007

ISIJ Int.

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“…Damage by the formation of volatile CrO 2 Cl 2 was often assumed [14,15]. In this case a simultaneous attack of the oxide scale by oxygen and chlorine takes place.…”

Section: Chromiummentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of alloying elements in commercial alloys for corrosion resistance in oxidizing‐chloridizing atmospheres. Part II: Experimental investigations

Bender

Schütze

2003

Materials & Corrosion

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In an extensive study the role of the alloying elements in commercial alloys for corrosion resistance was studied in air without and with 0.1 and 2 vol.% Cl 2 , respectively. In the first part of this paper [1] the thermodynamic fundamentals were discussed on the basis of the new concept of the quasi-stability diagrams. The second part which is presented here reports the results from investigations at 650, 800 and 1000 8C and testing times up to 1000 hrs where 14 commercial alloys were tested with regard to their corrosion behavior. The materials were selected so that the role of the alloying elements Mo, C, Si, Al, N, Fe, Ni and Cr would be evident from the results. The exposure tests were followed by extensive microstructural analyses of the corrosion scales and the metal subsurface zones so that type, mechanism and extent of corrosion could be characterized in great detail. At the end a ranking was possible of the different materials and with regard to the detrimental or beneficial role of the different alloying elements. The present results thus provide a much deeper insight into materials resistance in oxidizing-chloridizing environments at high temperatures.In einer umfangreichen Forschungsarbeit wurde die Rolle von Legierungselementen in kommerziellen Legierungen bezüglich deren Hochtemperaturkorrosionsbeständigkeit in Luft ohne und mit 0,1 bzw. 2 vol.% Chlor untersucht. Im ersten Teil des Berichts [1] werden die thermodynamischen Grundlagen auf der Basis des neuen Konzepts des "Quasi-Stabilitätsdiagramms" diskutiert. Der vorliegende zweite Teil berichtet über die Ergebnisse aus den Korrosionsversuchen bei 650, 800 und 1000 8C, in denen 14 kommerzielle Legierungen untersucht wurden und die bis zu 1000 h liefen. Die Werkstoffe waren nach einem System zusammengestellt worden, bei dem die Rolle der Legierungselemente Mo, C, Si, Al, N, Fe, Ni und Cr deutlich werden sollte. An die Korrosionsversuche schlossen sich umfangreiche mikroanalytische Untersuchungen an, in denen sehr detailliert Erscheinungsform, Mechanismen und Ausmaß der Korrosion charakterisiert wurden. Am Ende konnte eine Einordnung der verschiedenen Werkstoffe bezüglich ihrer Korrosionsbeständigkeit und der Legierungselemente bezüglich ihrer positiven oder negativen Wirkung vorgenommen werden. Die Ergebnisse können einen wesentlichen Beitrag zum besseren Verständnis der Korrosionseigenschaften technischer Legierungen in oxidierend-chlorierend wirkenden Umgebungen bei hohen Temperaturen liefern.

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“…Indeed gas velocity directly affects metal chloride diffusion through the gas boundary layer formed by the gas flow, as was often identified in many experimental studies [4,10,11]. Therefore, in the following an advanced diagram will also be developed characterising the situation under ''dynamic'' conditions.…”

Section: ''Static'' Quasi-stability Diagrams (Cases a To F)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Corrosion Assessment Diagrams for High Temperature Chlorine Corrosion. Part I: State of the Art and Development of the Basis for a New Extended Approach

Latreche

Doublet²,

Schütze

2009

Oxid Met

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As in many other areas of material science there is an increasing need for computational tools predicting materials behaviour, also in high temperature corrosion. In many cases stability diagrams have been developed for the assessment of high temperature corrosion resistance of metallic materials where the potentially formed corrosion products are plotted as fields of stability as a function of the activities or partial pressures of the species in the reaction environment. One major drawback of these diagrams is that they only contain solid or liquid phases as reaction products, but in halogen induced high temperature corrosion volatile metal halides are also formed. In order to overcome this drawback, the present paper deals with the development of a new type of diagram for high temperature halogen corrosion which will be developed and discussed for the example of oxygen/chlorine environments and which will be named ''dynamic'' quasi-stability diagram. In part I of the paper, the basis for this new approach to the corrosion resistance assessment of metals under chlorine environments is established using the present understanding described in the literature. A comparison is made between the concept of the conventional stability diagram and the recently developed ''static'' quasistability diagram, where in the latter case the evaporation of the gaseous metal H. Latreche chloride phases is taken into account through the use of a critical metal chloride partial pressure of 10 -4 bar, as a criterion distinguishing critical and non-critical corrosion conditions. Concluding from the existing knowledge, the fundamentals for the new improved approach are developed in the form of a ''dynamic'' quasistability diagram. This new type of diagram is based not only on thermodynamic considerations (as for the diagrams existing so far) but also on the products and reactants flow through a gas boundary layer formed on the material surface. As a consequence, in this approach the criterion for corrosion resistance is given in terms of a metal recession rate for dynamic conditions as encountered in most industrial applications. In part II diagrams of the new type will be established for the most common alloying elements, i.e. Fe, Ni, Mo, Cr, Si and Al, and a comparison with experimental data will be performed.

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High Temperature Corrosion of Chromium and Chromium (III) Oxide in Chlorine and Chlorine‐Oxygen Mixtures

Cited by 36 publications

References 14 publications

Evaporation Kinetics of the Molten PbCl2-ZnCl2 System from 973 to 1073 K

Evaporation Kinetics of the Molten PbCl2-ZnCl2 System from 973 to 1073 K

The role of alloying elements in commercial alloys for corrosion resistance in oxidizing‐chloridizing atmospheres. Part II: Experimental investigations

Development of Corrosion Assessment Diagrams for High Temperature Chlorine Corrosion. Part I: State of the Art and Development of the Basis for a New Extended Approach

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