High-temperature bulge-test setup for mechanical testing of free-standing thin films

Kalkman, A. J.; Verbruggen, A. H.; Janssen, G. C. A. M.

doi:10.1063/1.1539901

Cited by 42 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…For a circular geometry, this conversion can be done using relationships [75,76] 2 , where r is radius of the opening (75 lm), d is the vertical deflection, and h is the film thickness (one example is shown in Fig. 13).…”

Section: Micromechanical Behavior Of Lbl Membranes With Encapsulated mentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible and Robust 2D Arrays of Silver Nanowires Encapsulated within Freestanding Layer-by-Layer Films

et al. 2006

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Freestanding layer‐by‐layer (LbL) films encapsulating controlled volume fractions (ϕ = 2.5–22.5 %) of silver nanowires are fabricated. The silver nanowires are sandwiched between poly(allylamine hydrochloride)/poly(styrene sulfonate) (PAH/PSS) films resulting in nanocomposite structures with a general formula of (PAH/PSS)10PAH Ag(PAH/PSS)10PAH. The Young's modulus, toughness, ultimate stress, and ultimate strain are evaluated for supported and freestanding structures. Since the diameter of the nanowires (73 nm) is larger than the thickness of the LbL films (total of about 50 nm), a peculiar morphology is observed with the silver nanowires protruding from the planar LbL films. Nanowire‐containing LbL films possess the ability to sustain significant elastic deformations with the ultimate strain reaching 1.8 %. The Young's modulus increases with increasing nanowire content, reaching about 6 GPa for the highest volume fraction, due to the filler reinforcement effect commonly observed in composite materials. The ultimate strengths of these composites range from 60–80 MPa and their toughness reaches 1000 kJ m–3 at intermediate nanowire content, which is comparable to LbL films reinforced with carbon nanotubes. These robust freestanding 2D arrays of silver nanowires with peculiar optical, mechanical, and conducting properties combined with excellent micromechanical stability could serve as active elements in microscopic acoustic, pressure, and photothermal sensors.

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Section: Micromechanical Behavior Of Lbl Membranes With Encapsulated mentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible and Robust 2D Arrays of Silver Nanowires Encapsulated within Freestanding Layer-by-Layer Films

et al. 2006

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“…The deflection of the membrane's center (z) is recorded, and material properties are extracted from the pressure-deflection curve, p ¼ f(z). This method has been successfully used to study the properties of silicon, [19] silicon nitride, [20] metallic [21,22] and hard polymer [23,24] thin films, as well as complex multilayer structures. [25] Unlike the hard materials normally characterized by bulge tests, soft (Y % 1 MPa) PDMS membranes exhibit large deformations when submitted to a pressure.…”

Section: Bulge Test Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal Ion Implantation for the Fabrication of Stretchable Electrodes on Elastomers

Rosset

Niklaus

Dubois

et al. 2009

Adv Funct Materials

186

198

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Here, the use of low‐energy metal ion implantation by filtered cathodic vacuum arc to create highly deformable electrodes on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membranes is reported. Implantation leads to the creation of nanometer‐size clusters in the first 50 nm below the surface. When the elastomer is stretched, these small clusters can move relative to one another, maintaining electrical conduction at strains of up to 175%. Sheet resistance versus ion dose, resistance versus strain, time stability of the resistance, and the impact of implantation on the elastomer's Young's modulus are investigated for gold, palladium, and titanium implantations. Of the three tested metals, gold has the best performance, combining low and stable surface resistance, very high strain capabilities before loss of electrical conduction, and low impact on the Young's modulus of the PDMS membrane. These electrodes are cyclically strained to 30% for more than 105 cycles and remain conductive. In contrast, sputtered or evaporate metals films cease to conduct at strains of order 3%. Additionally, metal ion implantation allows for creating semi‐transparent electrodes. The optical transmission through 25‐µm‐thick PDMS membranes decreases from 90% to 60% for Pd implantations at doses used to make stretchable electrodes. The implantation technique presented here allows the rapid production of reliable stretchable electrodes for a number of applications, including dielectric elastomer actuators and foldable or rollable electronics.

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“…Among them are nanoindentation creep tests, 19 tensile or creep testing of freestanding films, [20][21][22] membrane resonance measurements, 23 and bulge tests. 24,25 Due to difficulties in data analysis, sample preparation, and experimental realization, the number of tested samples is small.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature dependence of mechanical properties in ultrathin Au films with and without passivation

et al. 2008

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Temperature and film thickness are expected to have an influence on the mechanical properties of thin films. However, mechanical testing of ultrathin metallic films at elevated temperatures is difficult, and few experiments have been conducted to date. Here, we present a systematic study of the mechanical properties of 80-500-nm-thick polycrystalline Au films with and without SiN x passivation layers in the temperature range from 123 to 473 K. The films were tested by a novel synchrotron-based tensile testing technique. Pure Au films showed strong temperature dependence above 373 K, which may be explained by diffusional creep. In contrast, passivated samples appeared to deform by thermally activated dislocation glide. The observed activation energies for both mechanisms are considerably lower than those for the bulk material, indicating that concomitant stress relaxation mechanisms are more pronounced in the thin film geometry.

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High-temperature bulge-test setup for mechanical testing of free-standing thin films

Cited by 42 publications

References 11 publications

Flexible and Robust 2D Arrays of Silver Nanowires Encapsulated within Freestanding Layer-by-Layer Films

Flexible and Robust 2D Arrays of Silver Nanowires Encapsulated within Freestanding Layer-by-Layer Films

Metal Ion Implantation for the Fabrication of Stretchable Electrodes on Elastomers

Temperature dependence of mechanical properties in ultrathin Au films with and without passivation

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