High surface temperatures of trees and pine litter in the winter and their biological importance

Stoutjesdijk, Ph.

doi:10.1007/bf01555192

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The old literature (1960s to 1980s) is rich in examples indicating the extent to which surface temperatures can deviate strongly from local air temperature (Figure 2). Stoutjesdijk [15] reported a 'snapshot' of surface temperatures measured at the end of winter in Holland. While (meteorological) air temperature was about 12°C, some surfaces reached ~60°C, e.g., decaying grass tussocks, and others were freezing, e.g., humid litter in the shade (Figure 2) (see also [3]).…”

Section: The Thermal Heterogeneity Blows Up At Micro-scalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

There is plenty of room at the bottom: microclimates drive insect vulnerability to climate change

Pincebourde

Woods

2020

Current Opinion in Insect Science

102

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Climate warming impacts biological systems profoundly. Climatologists deliver predictions about warming amplitude at coarse scales. Nevertheless, insects are small, and it remains unclear how much of the warming at coarse scales appears in the microclimates where they live. We propose a simple method for determining the pertinent spatial scale of insect microclimates. Recent studies have quantified the ability of forest understory to buffer thermal extremes, but these microclimates typically are characterized at spatial scales much larger than those determined by our method. Indeed, recent evidence supports the idea that insects can be thermally adapted even to fine scale microclimatic patterns, which can be highly variable. Finally, we discuss how microhabitat surfaces may buffer or magnify the amplitude of climate warming.

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Section: The Thermal Heterogeneity Blows Up At Micro-scalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

There is plenty of room at the bottom: microclimates drive insect vulnerability to climate change

Pincebourde

Woods

2020

Current Opinion in Insect Science

102

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“…He reported irradiance values measured perpendicular to the plane of incoming energy of 500 W m -2 in December rising to near 1000 W m -2 during March, at the same time also recording a value of 850 W m -2 on a vertical surface. In comparison, insolation is relatively low on a horizontal surface at this time of year (560 W m -2 , Stoutjesdijk 1977). Vertically inclined surfaces such as the boles of trees receive a more intense level of insolation than that received at any other time of the year due to their (near) vertical orientation coupled with the low elevation of the sun.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Insolation can be defined as the total amount of radiated solar energy received on a known surface area during a specified time expressed as W m -2 . Stoutjesdijk (1977) measured direct incoming insolation (including diffuse and reflected energies) in Arnham, Netherlands (latitude: 51°90´N). He reported irradiance values measured perpendicular to the plane of incoming energy of 500 W m -2 in December rising to near 1000 W m -2 during March, at the same time also recording a value of 850 W m -2 on a vertical surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vertically inclined surfaces such as the boles of trees receive a more intense level of insolation than that received at any other time of the year due to their (near) vertical orientation coupled with the low elevation of the sun. For this reason late winter and spring are cited as high risk periods for winter sunscald damages (Krenn 1933;Huber 1935;Derby and Gates 1966;Stoutjesdijk 1977;Wagner and Kuhns 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bark surface temperature measurements on the boles of wild cherry (<i>Prunus avium</i>) grown within an agroforestry system

Sheppard¹,

Morhart²,

Spiecker³

2016

Silva Fenn.

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Bark surface temperature measurements on the boles of wild cherry (Prunus avium) grown within an agroforestry system Sheppard J., Morhart C., Spiecker H. (2016). Bark surface temperature measurements on the boles of wild cherry (Prunus avium) grown within an agroforestry system. Silva Fennica vol. 50 no. Highlights• Widely spaced trees within agroforestry systems are at risk of sun induced damages.• Bark surface temperature on the south western bole face reached nearly 50 °C in summer and experienced a maximum range of 38 °C within a 24 hour period in spring. • Maximum and minimum daily bark surface temperatures are modelled using climatic and solar position data. • The application of white paint to stems reduces the bark surface temperature. AbstractGrowing Prunus avium L. within an agroforestry system (AFS) may result in sun damage to cambial tissues on sun-exposed bole faces. There are two periods of risk of damage caused by insolation to exposed tree boles, the summer, when cambial temperatures become too high, or during winter, when the frozen dormant cambium tissue thaws and then rapidly re-freezes, a phenomenon commonly referred to as sunscald or southwest disease. Damage on the south western bole face was observed on a number of P. avium within an AFS. Five trees were sampled to assess the period in time that damage occurred. To retrospectively investigate such damage, bark surface temperature data were collected over a two year period for a further five P. avium and analysed. It was shown that bark surface temperature on the south western bole face reached nearly 50 °C during summer and experienced a maximum range of 38 °C within a 24 hour period in spring. A specially formulated white paint was applied to two trees, thus, testing a method to reduce the risk of sun damage. Two models were constructed to predict maximum and minimum daily bark surface temperature using maximum, minimum and mean daily air temperature, daily sum of sunshine hours, cloud cover, wind speed, relative humidity, maximum solar elevation and height on the tree bole as predictor variables. The damage occurred during winter 2009/2010. The models were used to identify maximum and minimum bark surface temperatures during that winter enabling the identification of possible damage events.

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“…While there are no microclimatological soil studies suitable for directly determining subsurface EHT (as the researchers are predominantly interested in processes such as seed germination) there is a wide variety of data that point to considerable variation in soil surface temperatures over small spatial scales (Chudnovskii, 1962;Mahrer & Avissar, 1985;Davidoff, Lewis & Selim, 1986;Stoutjesdijk & Barkman, 1991). For instance, Stoutjesdijk (1977) reports a surface temperature range of 40 C (39-1 ) over a transect with an associated 4 cm soil temperature range of 16·8 C (1·4-18·2 ) at midday in winter. While this will certainly be a shortterm manifestation there is evidence to suggest that these sorts of short-term surface temperature fluctuations propagate to depths of at least 30 cm (Persaud & Chang, 1984); and this sort of variation would certainly influence the EHT.…”

Section: Effective Hydration Temperature Estimationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Soil Temperature and Obsidian Hydration Dating: A Clarification of Variables Affecting Accuracy

Jones

Sheppard

Sutton

1997

Journal of Archaeological Science

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High surface temperatures of trees and pine litter in the winter and their biological importance

Cited by 16 publications

References 7 publications

There is plenty of room at the bottom: microclimates drive insect vulnerability to climate change

There is plenty of room at the bottom: microclimates drive insect vulnerability to climate change

Bark surface temperature measurements on the boles of wild cherry (<i>Prunus avium</i>) grown within an agroforestry system

Soil Temperature and Obsidian Hydration Dating: A Clarification of Variables Affecting Accuracy

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