High-Sugar Diet Disrupts Hypothalamic but Not Cerebral Cortex Redox Homeostasis

Żebrowska, Ewa; Chabowski, Adrian; Zalewska, Anna; Maciejczyk, Mateusz

doi:10.3390/nu12103181

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…These complexes can also stimulate the NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity, which is the primary source of free radicals in the cell. 54 NOX activation also increases the synthesis and release of inflammatory mediators, 55 which may be supported by the positive relationship between S-nitrosothiols and MPO. However, NO-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction also has an important role in tumor induction and progression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Cross-Talk Between Nitrosative Stress, Inflammation and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor in Patients with Adrenal Masses

Choromańska¹,

Myśliwiec²,

Kozłowski³

et al. 2021

JIR

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Background: Adrenal masses are the most common of all human tumors. The role of nitrosative stress and inflammation in cancer development has already been demonstrated. However, it is not known whether they are involved in the pathogenesis of adrenal tumors. The aim of the study was to investigate a cross-talk between nitrosative stress, inflammation and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α) in 75 patients with different types of adrenal masses (non-functional incidentaloma, pheochromocytoma and Cushing's/Conn's adenoma). Methods: The plasma concentrations of total nitric oxide (NO), S-nitrosothiols, peroxynitrite nitrotyrosine and the activity of serum myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured spectrophotometrically, whereas concentrations of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) were measured using commercial ELISA kits. The control group consisted of 50 healthy people matched by age and sex to the study group. The number of subjects was determined a priori based on our previous experiment (power of the test = 0.9; α = 0.05). Results: We found significantly higher nitrosative stress (↑nitric oxide, ↑peroxynitrite, ↑S-nitrosothiols and ↑nitrotyrosine) in the plasma of patients with adrenal tumors, which was accompanied by increased inflammatory (↑myeloperoxidase, ↑interleukin 1 beta and ↑tumor necrosis factor α) and hypoxia (HIF-1α) biomarkers. Peroxynitrite and nitrotyrosine were positively correlated with aldosterone level. Nitrosative stress was also associated with inflammation and HIF-1α. Interestingly, plasma nitrotyrosine and serum MPO differentiated patients with adrenal tumor from healthy individuals with high sensitivity and specificity. Moreover, using multivariate regression analysis, we showed that ONOO − and IL-1β depended on cortisol level, while ONOO − , nitrotyrosine and HIF-1α were associated with aldosterone. Unfortunately, none of the assessed biomarkers differentiated between tumor types studied, suggesting that the severity of nitrosative damage and inflammation are similar in patients with incidentaloma, pheochromocytoma, and Cushing's or Conn's adenoma. Conclusion: Adrenal tumors are associated with increased protein nitration/S-nitrosylation and inflammation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Cross-Talk Between Nitrosative Stress, Inflammation and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor in Patients with Adrenal Masses

Choromańska¹,

Myśliwiec²,

Kozłowski³

et al. 2021

JIR

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“…This may be a result of a decreased plasma concentration of GSH, the major nonenzymatic antioxidant in these patients [21]. Diminished GSH concentrations lead to the intensi cation of the in ammatory process with an increase in the secretion of in ammatory mediators: IL-1β and TNF-α [43,44]. Antioxidants and oxidants react together stoichiometrically, therefore, the assessment of TAC is mainly in uenced by antioxidants present at the highest concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma and Urine Total Antioxidant Capacity in Patients With Adrenal Tumors

Choromańska

Myśliwiec

Kozłowski

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Total antioxidant capacity better characterizes the redox status of the biological system than the determination of individual antioxidants separately. This study is the first to assess the total antioxidant/oxidant status in the plasma and urine of patients with adrenal tumors. The study group consisted of 60 patients (31 women and 29 men) with adrenal masses, classified into three subgroups: non-functional incidentaloma, pheochromocytoma and Cushing’s/Conn’s adenoma. The number of patients was set a priori based on our previous experiment (α = 0.05, test power = 0.9) Plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was increased in incidentaloma patients, whereas in pheochromocytoma group was decreased. Plasma and urine total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) were significantly higher in patients with adrenal tumors. Ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) was decreased in plasma and urine, while DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) antiradical activity only in plasma of patients with adrenal masses. In pheochromocytoma patients, plasma and urine TAC, as well as plasma DPPH and FRAP correlated positively with methanephrine and normethanephrine. Reduced levels of TAC, DPPH and FRAP clearly indicate a reduced ability to scavenge free radicals and thus a lack of effective protection against oxidative stress in patients with adrenal tumors. Therefore, those patients are especially vulnerable to oxidative stress and oxidative damage, which can lead to impaired cellular metabolism. Both plasma and urine redox biomarkers can be used to assess systemic antioxidant status in adrenal tumor patients.

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“…Glycation is the formation of a bond between the free aldehyde group of glucose and the amino group of amino acid [ 55 , 56 ]. The result is the creation of the labile Schiff base, which after a few weeks, converts into reactive Amadori products [ 57 , 58 ]. Proteins that remain in the body for a longer time undergo further modifications (e.g., oxidation, dehydration, and fragmentation), resulting in the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) [ 59 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary Gland Dysfunction in Stroke Patients Is Associated with Increased Protein Glycoxidation and Nitrosative Stress

Maciejczyk

Gerreth²,

Hojan

et al. 2020

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Stroke is one of the leading causes of disability and death worldwide. Despite intensive medical care, many of the complaints directly threatening the patient’s life marginalize their dental needs after the stroke. Recent studies indicate reduced saliva secretion in stroke patients in addition to the increased incidence of caries and periodontal disease. Since oxidative stress plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of salivary gland hypofunction and neurodegenerative disorders (including stroke), this is the first to evaluate the relationship between salivary gland activity and protein glycoxidation and nitrosative damage. The content of glycation and protein oxidation products and nitrosative stress was assessed in nonstimulated (NWS) and stimulated (SWS) whole saliva of stroke patients with normal salivary secretion and hyposalivation (reduced saliva production). The study included 30 patients in the stroke’s subacute phase and 30 healthy controls matched by age and sex. We have shown that stroke patients with hyposalivation show increased contents of protein glycation (↑Amadori products and ↑advanced glycation end products), glycoxidation (↑dityrosine), and nitration (↑nitrotyrosine) products compared to stroke cases with normal salivary secretion and control group. Interestingly, higher oxidative/nitrosative stress was found in NWS, which strongly correlates with salivary flow rate, total protein content, and salivary amylase activity. Such relationships were not observed in the control group. Summarizing, oxidative and nitrosative stress may be one of the mechanisms responsible for the impairment of saliva secretion in stroke patients. However, extraglandular sources of salivary oxidative stress in stroke patients cannot be excluded. Further studies to assess salivary gland hypofunction in stroke cases are necessary.

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High-Sugar Diet Disrupts Hypothalamic but Not Cerebral Cortex Redox Homeostasis

Cited by 24 publications

References 71 publications

Cross-Talk Between Nitrosative Stress, Inflammation and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor in Patients with Adrenal Masses

Cross-Talk Between Nitrosative Stress, Inflammation and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor in Patients with Adrenal Masses

Plasma and Urine Total Antioxidant Capacity in Patients With Adrenal Tumors

Salivary Gland Dysfunction in Stroke Patients Is Associated with Increased Protein Glycoxidation and Nitrosative Stress

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