High-substitute nitrochitosan used as energetic materials: Preparation and detonation properties

Li, Chuping; Li, Hui; Xu, Kailai

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116176

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The rapid growth in global energy demands and the excessive consumption of nonrenewable fossil fuels have stimulated and attracted research worldwide to develop high-energy materials from sustainable resources. − Among elite biodegradable naturally derived materials, cellulose is the most ubiquitous and abundant biomacromolecule existing on earth, and it is conventionally derived from cotton linter and wood species. − Nevertheless, various valuable cellulose-rich materials including annual plants, agricultural residues, and marine biomass have been recently identified as promising alternative sources for production of cellulose derivatives. − Among such nonconventional renewable resources, Arundo donax L. (AD), commonly known as giant reed, is a naturally derived material that is widely abundant in the Mediterranean countries. , It is a widespread perennial rhizomatous grass, which belongs to the Poaceae family and grows spontaneously in different environmental conditions with an average annual yield of 30–40 tons of dry matter per hectare. , Importantly, the fast-growing nature and the high cellulose content (31–42%) of AD make it a very interesting biosourced candidate for the production of cellulosic materials used for the development of advanced energetic macromolecules, which is the main objective of the current work.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Characterization, and Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Nitrogen-Rich Energetic Biopolymers from Aminated Giant Reed Cellulosic Fibers

Tarchoun

Trache

Klapötke

et al. 2020

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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This research focuses on the exploration of giant reed (Arundo donax L., AD) as a viable and underutilized sustainable resource for the development of energetic nitrogenrich dense biopolymers based on surface amino functionalization and nitration of extracted native cellulose and cellulose microcrystals (ANCN and ACMCN). Their physicochemical features, molecular structure, crystallinity, and thermal behavior were examined and compared to those of native cellulose and cellulose microcrystals nitrates (NCN and CMCN) produced from the same bioresource. The obtained results demonstrated that these newly manufactured nitrogen-rich cellulosic materials present excellent energetic performance and reduced mechanical sensitivities with respect to those of the traditional NCN and emergent CMCN. Furthermore, the nonisothermal decomposition kinetics studied using isoconversional integral approaches revealed that the developed ANCN and ACMCN displayed good thermal stability with an autocatalytic decomposition mechanism and slightly lower Arrhenius parameters than the common NCN. Therefore, this study provides an efficient process to develop new promising insensitive and nitrogen-rich energetic macromolecules from valuable alternative AD feedstock for potential applications in solid propellant formulations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Characterization, and Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Nitrogen-Rich Energetic Biopolymers from Aminated Giant Reed Cellulosic Fibers

Tarchoun

Trache

Klapötke

et al. 2020

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…However, the cost of nano-nitrocellulose is significantly higher than the cost of ordinary nitrocellulose. The nitration of chitosan has also been reported recently, and it shows great potential as a solid propellant candidate [28]. To the best of our knowledge, no reports were published regarding the nitration of Nacetyl-D-glucosamine (Figure 1).…”

Section: ]mentioning

confidence: 75%

Nitration of Chitin Monomer: From Glucosamine to Energetic Compound

Dou

Zheng

et al. 2021

Molecules

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The nitration of chitin monomer in a mixture of nitric acid and acetic anhydride was conducted and a highly nitrated (3R,4R,6R)-3-acetamido-6-((nitrooxy)methyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,4,5-triyl trinitrate (1) was obtained. Its structure was fully characterized using infrared spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 possesses good density (ρ: 1.721 g·cm−3) and has comparable detonation performance (Vd: 7717 m·s−1; P: 25.6 GPa) to that of nitrocellulose (NC: Vd: 7456 m·s−1; P: 23 GPa; Isp = 239 s) and microcrystalline nitrocellulose (MCNC; Vd: 7683 m·s−1; P: 25 GPa; Isp = 250 s). However, Compound 1 has much lower impact sensitivity (IS: 15 J) than the regular nitrocellulose (NC; IS: 3.2 J) and MCNC (IS: 2.8 J). Compound 1 was calculated to exhibit a good specific impulse (Isp: 240 s), which is comparable with NC (Isp: 239 s) and MCNC (Isp: 250 s). By replacing the nitrocellulose with Compound 1 in typical propellants JA2, M30, and M9, the specific impulse was improved by up to 4 s. These promising properties indicate that Compound 1 has a significant potential as an energetic component in solid propellants.

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“…The peak at 1160 cm À 1 can be assigned to the asymmetric stretching vibration peak of β-1,4 glycosidic bonds (CÀ OÀ C) on the NC chains, whose intensity would not change after denitration treatment [27,28]. The absorption peak at 3400 cm À 1 was attributed to the stretching vibration characteristic peak of À OH group in NC [29,30]. The intensity of each FI-TR spectra has been normalized with reference to the CÀ OÀ C characteristic peak.…”

Section: Structural Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface denitration structure on dynamic combustion performance and muzzle flame of mixed nitrate gun propellant

Chen

Liu

et al. 2023

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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The gun propellant is an inaccessible energy and fuel for projectile to achieve destructive capability in a weapon system. Nitrocellulose/nitroglycerine/triethylene glycol dinitrate(NC/NG/TEGDN) based gun propellant with higher energy level than single‐based gun propellant can meet the demands of modern warfare. Currently, deterring strategy is commonly used to improve the combustion progressivity of NC/NG/TEGDN based gun propellant, together with aggravating the harmful emission phenomena such as muzzle smoke and flame. Therefore, it is essential to design and fabricate NC/NG/TEGDN based gun propellant with both good combustion progressivity and low characteristic signal. In this work, a gradiently denitrated NC/NG/TEGDN based gun propellant was successfully prepared by denitration strategy, whose structure was confirmed by FT‐IR, Raman and SEM. Here, closed bomb vessel test and interior ballistic test were conducted. The results showed that the gradiently denitrated NC/NG/TEGDN based gun propellant exhibited better combustion progressivity and interior ballistic performance than raw gun propellant, and these properties can be controlled by modulating the degree of denitration. Meanwhile, the change laws of the muzzle smoke and flame of the gradiently denitrated NC/NG/TEGDN based gun propellant were investigated by the smoke box method and high‐speed photography. Furthermore, a lower characteristic signal for the gradiently denitrated NC/NG/TEGDN based gun propellant was found compared to the deterred gun propellant by theoretical calculations. This work provides a new idea for preparing and applying a gun propellant with excellent comprehensive performance, including high energy, good combustion progressivity and low characteristic signal.

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High-substitute nitrochitosan used as energetic materials: Preparation and detonation properties

Cited by 19 publications

References 31 publications

Synthesis, Characterization, and Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Nitrogen-Rich Energetic Biopolymers from Aminated Giant Reed Cellulosic Fibers

Synthesis, Characterization, and Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Nitrogen-Rich Energetic Biopolymers from Aminated Giant Reed Cellulosic Fibers

Nitration of Chitin Monomer: From Glucosamine to Energetic Compound

Surface denitration structure on dynamic combustion performance and muzzle flame of mixed nitrate gun propellant

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