High-strength lignin-based carbon fibers<i>via</i>a low-energy method

Dai, Zhong; Shi, Xin; Liu, Huan; Li, Haiming; Han, Ying; Zhou, Jinghui

doi:10.1039/c7ra10821d

Cited by 63 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Iodine treatment was employed before the stabilization of lignin/PAN nanofibers to form charge transfer complexes with aromatic rings [ 194 ]. This allowed a higher heating rate (2 °C/min) to be used and facilitated the formation of CNFs with fewer defects, higher graphitization degree, and good mechanical performance (TS = 89 MPa, TS = 5.3 GPa).…”

Section: Mechanical Performance Of Lignin-based Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin-Based High-Performance Fibers by Textile Spinning Techniques

Lin

Cheng

2021

Materials

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As a major component of lignocellulosic biomass, lignin is one of the largest natural resources of biopolymers and, thus, an abundant and renewable raw material for products, such as high-performance fibers for industrial applications. Direct conversion of lignin has long been investigated, but the fiber spinning process for lignin is difficult and the obtained fibers exhibit unsatisfactory mechanical performance mainly due to the amorphous chemical structure, low molecular weight of lignin, and broad molecular weight distribution. Therefore, different textile spinning techniques, modifications of lignin, and incorporation of lignin into polymers have been and are being developed to increase lignin’s spinnability and compatibility with existing materials to yield fibers with better mechanical performance. This review presents the latest advances in the textile fabrication techniques, modified lignin-based high-performance fibers, and their potential in the enhancement of the mechanical performance.

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Section: Mechanical Performance Of Lignin-based Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin-Based High-Performance Fibers by Textile Spinning Techniques

Lin

Cheng

2021

Materials

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“…The final result is an improvement of the 2% to 5% of chain alignment in the final product. [389]); (3) SEM images of the stabilized lignin fibers at the heating rates of (a) 0.2 °C min −1 and (b) 2.0 °C min −1 , and iodine stabilized lignin fibers at the heating rates of (c) 0.2 °C min −1 and (d) 2.0 °C min −1 (reprinted with permission from [390]).…”

Section: Synthesis Of Carbon Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalization of Carbon Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications

Liu

Speranza

2019

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Over the past decade, carbon nanostructures (CNSs) have been widely used in a variety of biomedical applications. Examples are the use of CNSs for drug and protein delivery or in tools to locally dispense nucleic acids to fight tumor affections. CNSs were successfully utilized in diagnostics and in noninvasive and highly sensitive imaging devices thanks to their optical properties in the near infrared region. However, biomedical applications require a complete biocompatibility to avoid adverse reactions of the immune system and CNSs potentials for biodegradability. Water is one of the main constituents of the living matter. Unfortunately, one of the disadvantages of CNSs is their poor solubility. Surface functionalization of CNSs is commonly utilized as an efficient solution to both tune the surface wettability of CNSs and impart biocompatible properties. Grafting functional groups onto the CNSs surface consists in bonding the desired chemical species on the carbon nanoparticles via wet or dry processes leading to the formation of a stable interaction. This latter may be of different nature as the van Der Waals, the electrostatic or the covalent, the π-π interaction, the hydrogen bond etc. depending on the process and on the functional molecule at play. Grafting is utilized for multiple purposes including bonding mimetic agents such as polyethylene glycol, drug/protein adsorption, attaching nanostructures to increase the CNSs opacity to selected wavelengths or provide magnetic properties. This makes the CNSs a very versatile tool for a broad selection of applications as medicinal biochips, new high-performance platforms for magnetic resonance (MR), photothermal therapy, molecular imaging, tissue engineering, and neuroscience. The scope of this work is to highlight up-to-date using of the functionalized carbon materials such as graphene, carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, fullerene and nanodiamonds in biomedical applications.

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“…Although initially lignin-based carbon fibers did not achieve the mechanical properties of traditional carbon fibers, more recent advances in spinning techniques have improved their performance [465]. Electrospinning and melt-spinning are more advantageous fiber processing techniques, but the structure of the lignin, determined by the biomass nature and isolation process, has great influence over the fiber processing [466][467][468]. Under optimized conditions, the properties of the carbon fibers derived from lignin can be similar or even higher than the traditional ones, indicating their good potential for more sustainable engineering applications [469].…”

Section: Lignin-derived Carbon Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternatives for Chemical and Biochemical Lignin Valorization: Hot Topics from a Bibliometric Analysis of the Research Published During the 2000–2016 Period

2018

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A complete bibliometric analysis of the Scopus database was performed to identify the research trends related to lignin valorization from 2000 to 2016. The results from this analysis revealed an exponentially increasing number of publications and a high relevance of interdisciplinary collaboration. The simultaneous valorization of the three main components of lignocellulosic biomass (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) has been revealed as a key aspect and optimal pretreatment is required for the subsequent lignin valorization. Research covers the determination of the lignin structure, isolation, and characterization; depolymerization by thermal and thermochemical methods; chemical, biochemical and biological conversion of depolymerized lignin; and lignin applications. Most methods for lignin depolymerization are focused on the selective cleavage of the β-O-4 linkage. Although many depolymerization methods have been developed, depolymerization with sodium hydroxide is the dominant process at industrial scale. Oxidative conversion of lignin is the most used method for the chemical lignin upgrading. Lignin uses can be classified according to its structure into lignin-derived aromatic compounds, lignin-derived carbon materials and lignin-derived polymeric materials. There are many advances in all approaches, but lignin-derived polymeric materials appear as a promising option.

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High-strength lignin-based carbon fibersviaa low-energy method

Abstract: A simple low-energy method to fabricate lignin-based carbon fibers with excellent mechanical properties via electrostatic spinning.

Cited by 63 publications

References 42 publications

Lignin-Based High-Performance Fibers by Textile Spinning Techniques

Lignin-Based High-Performance Fibers by Textile Spinning Techniques

Functionalization of Carbon Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications

Alternatives for Chemical and Biochemical Lignin Valorization: Hot Topics from a Bibliometric Analysis of the Research Published During the 2000–2016 Period

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