High strength and ductility in low-cost Ti–Al–Fe–Mn alloy exhibiting transformation-induced plasticity

Design of Low-Cost and High-Strength Titanium Alloys Using Pseudo-Spinodal Mechanism through Diffusion Couple Technology and CALPHAD

“…Compared to the tensile properties of other low-cost and high-strength Ti-based alloys listed in Table 2 [ 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ], Ti-6Al-10.9Cr alloy obtained in the present work showed outstanding tensile strength and inferior ductility, which was attributed to the formation of ultra-fine α phase depicted in Figure 3 f. The alloy was composed only of the secondary α phase, after solution treating above the β/α transition temperature and aging. No spherical α phase that can improve the plasticity of the alloy was detected.…”

“…The deformation occurred directly in the secondary α phase and the β matrix, resulting in the brittle tensile fracture. Ti-4Al-2Fe-1Mn alloy also exhibited poor ductility after solution treating in simple β phase region [ 50 ]. However, the duplex micro-structure was obtained, and the ductility increased, when the alloy was forged and heat treated in the two-phase region Therefore, it is hopeful that Ti-6Al-10.9Cr alloy with good ductility can be prepared by improving the heat treatment process.…”

Review of the Design of Titanium Alloys with Low Elastic Modulus as Implant Materials

“…[102][103][104][105][106] Some reports indicated that Ti alloys with a [Mo] eq value between 8 and 12 should be metastable β Ti alloys. [107,108] Other publications proved that the metastable β Ti alloys would have low elastic modulus. [109,110] Thus, [Mo] eq also can be used to help the design of Ti alloys with low elastic modulus.…”

“…Some Ti alloys with low elastic modulus designed through [Mo] eq are shown in Table 2. [19,31,33,34,36,102,103,[107][108][109][110][111] Results show that the elastic modulus of Ti alloys is not only related to the [Mo] eq value but also concerned with the category of alloying elements. Therefore, the [Mo] eq models are efficient in the screening composition of certain Ti alloy systems.…”

Trifunctional nanoprecipitates ductilize and toughen a strong laminated metastable titanium alloy

“…Figure 3c plots σ y vs. ε U of our β-Ti alloys and the reported metastable β-Ti alloys 9,10,13,14,20,[35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54] . Compared with reported metastable β-Ti alloys by far, the HLS-0.34 β-Ti alloys show the highest σ y , while the HLS-0.43 β-Ti alloys show a desired combination of σ y ~890 MPa and ε U ~23%, comparable to the Ti-4Mo-3Cr-1Fe alloy 53 (with σ y ~870 MPa and σ UTS ~1092 MPa) deformed via the activation of both {332} β <113> β and {112} β <111> β twinning systems.…”