High-speed VCSELs and VCSEL arrays for single- and multi-core fiber interconnects

Larsson, Anders; Westbergh, Petter; Gustavsson, Johan S.; Haglund, Erik

doi:10.1117/12.2082614

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Our GaAs-based oxide-confined VCSELs at 850 nm (the standard wavelength for VCSEL-MMF interconnects) are designed with all speed limiting effects in mind [24]. The active region has strained InGaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells to enhance differential gain and is designed for fast transport and capture of carriers.…”

Section: High-speed and High-efficiency Vcselsmentioning

confidence: 99%

VCSEL design and integration for high-capacity optical interconnects

et al. 2017

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Section: High-speed and High-efficiency Vcselsmentioning

confidence: 99%

VCSEL design and integration for high-capacity optical interconnects

et al. 2017

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“…The modulation bandwidth of VCSELs, however, is typically restricted to less than ~ 20 GHz because of the limited intrinsic carrier-photon resonance (CPR) [3]. Therefore, intensive efforts have been done to push the modulation bandwidth of VCSELs further into the mm-wave band [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] such as injection-locking [18,19], coupled cavity [20], modulator-integration [21] and optical feedback (OFB) [22][23][24][25][26][27]. OFB has been used for increasing the modulation bandwidth of VCSELs [22], mode stabilization, and the reduction of modulation-induced frequency chirp [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Static and dynamic characteristics of double transverse coupled cavity VCSELs for high speed modulations

Ibrahim

Hassan

et al. 2021

IEICE Electron. Express

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We present experimental results for extending the 3-dB modulation bandwidth of an 850-nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) with passive double transverse-coupled cavities (DTCC). The 3-dB modulation bandwidth of DTCC-VCSEL is 21 GHz while that of a conventional VCSEL (C-VCSEL) fabricated in the same wafer is 12 GHz. We realize eye-opening at large-signal modulations of 36 Gbps (NRZ) and 44 Gbps (PAM4). Intensity fluctuations of single-transverse-coupled cavity (STCC)-VCSEL and DTCC-VCSEL were also examined at different bias currents under CW operations. The result shows a DTCC-VCSEL is more stable with lower intensity fluctuations.

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“…In recent years, multi-core fiber (MCF) is becoming increasingly popular in DCNs due to its compactness, showing multiple cores co-packaged with optical transceivers for short-reach data communications [7], [8]. A major benefit of homogeneous core MCF, as explored in [9], [10], [11], is the low temperature-induced skew between cores.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clock and Data Recovery-Free Data Communications Enabled by Multi-Core Fiber With Low Thermal Sensitivity of Skew

Sohanpal

Clark

Puttnam

et al. 2020

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Optical switching has the potential to scale the capacity of data center networks (DCN) with a simultaneously reduction in latency and power consumption. One of the main challenges of optically-switched DCNs is the need for fast clock and data recovery (CDR). Because the DCN traffic is dominated by small packets, the CDR locking time is required to be less than one nanosecond for achieving high network throughput. This need for sub-nanosecond CDR locking time has motivated research on optical clock synchronization techniques, which deliver synchronized clock signals through optical fibers such that the CDR modules in each transceiver only need to track the slow change of clock phase, due to change of the time of flight as temperature varies. It is desired to remove the need for clock phase tracking (and thereby the CDR modules) if the temperatureinduced clock phase drift can be significantly reduced, which would reduce the power consumption and the cost of transceivers. Previous studies have shown that the temperature-induced skew change between multi-core fiber (MCF) cores can be forty times lower than that of standard single mode fibers. Thus, clock-synchronized transmission maybe possible by using two different MCF cores for clock and data transmission, respectively, enabling the sharing of an optical clock with stable clock phase. To investigate the potential of MCF for CDR-free short-reach communications, we first improve the measurement method of the temperature dependent inter-core skew change by using a modified delay interferometer, achieving a resolution of 3.8 femtoseconds for accurate inter-core skew measurements. Building on the MCF measurement results, we carried out an MCF-based clock-synchronized transmission experiment, demonstrating the feasibility of CDR-free data communications over a temperature range of 43 • C that meets DCN requirements. Index Terms-Data center networks, clock synchronization, Multi-core fiber, Thermal coefficient of delay.

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High-speed VCSELs and VCSEL arrays for single- and multi-core fiber interconnects

Cited by 15 publications

References 37 publications

VCSEL design and integration for high-capacity optical interconnects

VCSEL design and integration for high-capacity optical interconnects

Static and dynamic characteristics of double transverse coupled cavity VCSELs for high speed modulations

Clock and Data Recovery-Free Data Communications Enabled by Multi-Core Fiber With Low Thermal Sensitivity of Skew

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