High-speed photodetectors

Anderson, L.K.; McMurtry, B. J.

doi:10.1109/proc.1966.5121

Cited by 57 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Avalanche photodiodes (APDs), which consist of p−n junctions or Schottky junctions, are able to convert the incoming photons into charge carriers undergoing cascade amplifications upon reverse bias (Johnson, 1965;Anderson and McMurtry, 1966;Aull et al, 2002). When operating in the avalanche regime, APDs can exhibit high internal gain for photodetection of ultrahigh sensitivity, making them widely used in optical communications (Liu et al, 1992;Ferraro et al, 2015), single-photon detection (Huntington et al, 2007;Faramarzpour et al, 2008;Ren et al, 2011), andbioimaging (Vo-Dinh et al, 2010;Wohnhaas et al, 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

A Complete Two-Dimensional Avalanche Photodiode Based on MoTe2−WS2−MoTe2 Heterojunctions With Ultralow Dark Current

et al. 2021

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Two-dimensional (2D)-material-based photodetectors have recently received great attention due to their potentials in developing ultrathin and highly compact devices. Avalanche photodiodes (APDs) are widely used in a variety of fields such as optical communications and bioimaging due to their fast responses and high sensitivities. However, conventional APDs based on bulk materials are limited by their relatively high dark current. One solution to tackle this issue is by employing nanomaterials and nanostructures as the active layers for APDs. In this study, we proposed and fabricated an atomically-thick APD based on heterojunctions formed by 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). A typical device structure was formed by stacking a semiconducting monolayer WS2 onto two metallic few-layer MoTe2 flakes. Due to the Schottky barrier formed between the TMD layers and their atomic thicknesses, the dark current of the APD is greatly reduced down to 93 pA. In addition, the APD can operate through a broad spectral range from visible to near-infrared region, with a responsivity of 6.02 A/W, an external quantum eﬃciency of 1,406%, and an avalanche gain of 587. We believe that the 2D APD demonstrated here provides a feasible approach for developing all-2D optoelectronic devices with simultaneous high-sensitivity and low noise.

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confidence: 99%

A Complete Two-Dimensional Avalanche Photodiode Based on MoTe2−WS2−MoTe2 Heterojunctions With Ultralow Dark Current

et al. 2021

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“…The acceptance angle of a single retromodulator was measured and empirically fit to the function f(a) = (1 -na2)ea2 (1) where n = 4.74103, 3 = -5.42875 and a is the elevation, the angle measured from perpendicular. The half maximum width is about 15° for a single retromodulator.…”

Section: 23 Retromodulator Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

<title>Low-power FLC-based retromodulator communications system</title>

Swenson

Steed

Rue³

et al. 1997

SPIE Proceedings

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On September 15, 1996, researchers from Utah State University / Space Dynamics Lab in conjunction with Phillips Lab / Starfire Optical Range and Kjome Research successfully flew and tested a retromodulator laser communication package on a high altitude balloon. This paper addresses the layout and hardware used for the communication link, as well as presenting some preliminary data collected during the 6 hour flight of the balloon. The package was a proof of concept demonstration system for a low-power laser communications system for small, low Earth orbiting satellites. The ferroelectric liquid crystal based retromodulator design of Utah State provided test patterns for modulation rates up to 20 kilo bits per second. Data was successfully downlinked using a 1200 bps RS232 format and a simplistic receiver. The Starfire Optical Range 1.5-meter telescope, located on Kirtland AFB, tracked the balloon, which reached a float altitude of 31 km and collected the modulated light reflected from the payload.

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“…On the basis of this circuit and the sensitivity of the detector K = ,e/h v we can write the S/N as [5].…”

Section: The Detector and Amplifiermentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of signal-to-noise ratio of the laser Doppler velocimeter

Lading¹

1973

Opto-electronics

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The signal-to-shot-noise ratio of the photocurrent of a laser Doppler anemometer is calculated as a function of the parameters which describe the system. It is found that the S/N is generally a growing function of receiver area, that few large particles are better than many small ones, and that generally the 'fringe' or 'differential' mode configuration is equal to, or better than, the 'reference beam' mode.

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High-speed photodetectors

Cited by 57 publications

References 68 publications

A Complete Two-Dimensional Avalanche Photodiode Based on MoTe2−WS2−MoTe2 Heterojunctions With Ultralow Dark Current

A Complete Two-Dimensional Avalanche Photodiode Based on MoTe2−WS2−MoTe2 Heterojunctions With Ultralow Dark Current

<title>Low-power FLC-based retromodulator communications system</title>

Analysis of signal-to-noise ratio of the laser Doppler velocimeter

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