High-speed organic single-crystal transistors gated with short-channel air gaps: Efficient hole and electron injection in organic semiconductor crystals

Uno, Mayumi; Uemura, Tomomasa; Kanaoka, Yusuke; Chen, Zhihua; Facchetti, Antonio; Takeya, Jun

doi:10.1016/j.orgel.2013.03.009

Cited by 38 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…However, while promising results in AC operation of organic FETs have been reported, with a maximum operating frequency as high as 27.7 MHz29, record values have been so far mainly achieved by adopting photolithographic steps30313233 and/or single crystal semiconductors34. To date, one order-of-magnitude lower operating frequencies have been demonstrated when mask-less, scalable techniques were used, with a maximum of 3.3 MHz25353637.…”

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confidence: 99%

Direct-written polymer field-effect transistors operating at 20 MHz

Perinot

Kshirsagar

Malvindi

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Printed polymer electronics has held for long the promise of revolutionizing technology by delivering distributed, flexible, lightweight and cost-effective applications for wearables, healthcare, diagnostic, automation and portable devices. While impressive progresses have been registered in terms of organic semiconductors mobility, field-effect transistors (FETs), the basic building block of any circuit, are still showing limited speed of operation, thus limiting their real applicability. So far, attempts with organic FETs to achieve the tens of MHz regime, a threshold for many applications comprising the driving of high resolution displays, have relied on the adoption of sophisticated lithographic techniques and/or complex architectures, undermining the whole concept. In this work we demonstrate polymer FETs which can operate up to 20 MHz and are fabricated by means only of scalable printing techniques and direct-writing methods with a completely mask-less procedure. This is achieved by combining a fs-laser process for the sintering of high resolution metal electrodes, thus easily achieving micron-scale channels with reduced parasitism down to 0.19 pF mm−1, and a large area coating technique of a high mobility polymer semiconductor, according to a simple and scalable process flow.

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confidence: 99%

Direct-written polymer field-effect transistors operating at 20 MHz

Perinot

Kshirsagar

Malvindi

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Therefore by scaling the channel length down to 10-1 μm, in principle OTFTs should be able to operate at relatively high (1-10 MHz) frequencies at reasonable (<10 V) applied voltages. [ 13 ] In practice, apart from some reports, [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] this is often not easy to achieve because of injection issues: [ 23,24 ] contact resistances tend to become dominant over the channel resistance in short channel transistors reducing the expected improvement of device performances. [ 25 ] This situation is severely limiting the range of applications for OTFTs.…”

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confidence: 99%

Injection Length in Staggered Organic Thin Film Transistors: Assessment and Implications for Device Downscaling

Natali

Chen

Maddalena

et al. 2016

Adv Elect Materials

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of organic semiconductors show carrier mobility in excess of 5 cm 2 V −1 s −1 when employed as active materials in long (>10 μm) channel organic thin fi lm transistors (OTFT). [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Therefore by scaling the channel length down to 10-1 μm, in principle OTFTs should be able to operate at relatively high (1-10 MHz) frequencies at reasonable (<10 V) applied voltages. [ 13 ] In practice, apart from some reports, [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] this is often not easy to achieve because of injection issues: [ 23,24 ] contact resistances tend to become dominant over the channel resistance in short channel transistors reducing the expected improvement of device performances. [ 25 ] This situation is severely limiting the range of applications for OTFTs. [ 26 ] Indeed contact resistances arise from contact/semiconductor interface properties hence they are not expected to scale with the transistor channel length. To address this issue not only suitable modifi cations of the contact/semiconductor interface aimed at enhancing the contact injecting properties have to be implemented, [ 27 ] but also the device topology has to be considered. Staggered OTFTs, where the contacts and the transistor channel do not lie in the same plane, are usually characterized by lower contact resistances than coplanar ones: [ 28 ] while in these latter the injection area is limited by the accumulated channel depth (few nanometers), in the former the overlap between gate and source/drain contacts (many micrometers or even tens of micrometers) can be exploited, as shown in Figure 1 . The gate/contact overlapping length has to be suitably engineered: on the one hand it should be large enough to accommodate the injected current and to minimize contact resistances; but on the other hand it should not be too large because overlapping areas not effectively involved in injection solely result in additional parasitic capacitances that deteriorate the device speed. [ 13,29 ] It is therefore important to quantify the injection length, which is the length over which sizeable carrier injection occurs. [ 30,31 ] Despite the large number of studies on contact effects in OTFTs, [ 24,32 ] few of them discuss the effect of the gate to contact overlap: Xu et al. found a relationship between the optimal contact length and the semiconductor thickness in staggered OTFT. [ 33 ] Park et al. found that threshold voltage, fi eld effect mobility and contact resistances are affected by the contact length in staggered OTFT; [ 34 ] Wang et al. simulated the effect of contact length scaling. [ 35 ] Ante et al. studied the effect of contact In staggered thin fi lm transistors, the injection length is the fraction of the gate to contact overlap that is effectively involved in current injection. Its assessment is important to properly downscale device dimensions. In fact, in order to increase transistor operation speed, the whole device footprint should be downscaled, which means both the gate to contact overlap and the channel length, as ...

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“…Thus, damages to the crystal surface can be greatly minimized. Another method using a vacuum-gap as the gate insulating layer can increase the mobility from the organic single crystal surface [55, 56, 167]. …”

Section: Other Aspects With Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterning technology for solution-processed organic crystal field-effect transistors

Liu

Sun

Shi

et al. 2014

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

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Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are fundamental building blocks for various state-of-the-art electronic devices. Solution-processed organic crystals are appreciable materials for these applications because they facilitate large-scale, low-cost fabrication of devices with high performance. Patterning organic crystal transistors into well-defined geometric features is necessary to develop these crystals into practical semiconductors. This review provides an update on recentdevelopment in patterning technology for solution-processed organic crystals and their applications in field-effect transistors. Typical demonstrations are discussed and examined. In particular, our latest research progress on the spin-coating technique from mixture solutions is presented as a promising method to efficiently produce large organic semiconducting crystals on various substrates for high-performance OFETs. This solution-based process also has other excellent advantages, such as phase separation for self-assembled interfaces via one-step spin-coating, self-flattening of rough interfaces, and in situ purification that eliminates the impurity influences. Furthermore, recommendations for future perspectives are presented, and key issues for further development are discussed.

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High-speed organic single-crystal transistors gated with short-channel air gaps: Efficient hole and electron injection in organic semiconductor crystals

Cited by 38 publications

References 27 publications

Direct-written polymer field-effect transistors operating at 20 MHz

Direct-written polymer field-effect transistors operating at 20 MHz

Injection Length in Staggered Organic Thin Film Transistors: Assessment and Implications for Device Downscaling

Patterning technology for solution-processed organic crystal field-effect transistors

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