High specific power electrical machines: A system perspective

Kurt

International Journal of Aerospace Engineering

et al. 2021

On-board electrical systems are the key components of each modern aircraft. They enable its safer, more comfortable, and environmentally friendlier operation. The strict regulations to reduce pollution and noise are produced by aircraft eventuated in projects like Clean Sky or ICAO Global Coalition for Sustainable Aviation. One solution to environmentally friendlier operation is the full electric propulsion of the aircraft, which enables the reduction of both noise and pollution. Such a concept requires a total change of all on-board power systems and enables the profound change in aircraft design. This paper presents the evolution of aircraft power systems into the so-called more electric aircraft (MEA) and discusses the state-of-the-art electrical systems. Furthermore, the concept of all-electric aircraft (AEA) is presented here.

Section: The Electrical Systems Used In M/aeamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electric Steering and Taxiing Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives and Development of Electrical Systems in More Electric Aircraft

Kurt

International Journal of Aerospace Engineering

et al. 2021

“…For the high-power machines, in general, and S/Gs in particular, future research would take advantage of a heavy focus on the following issues. 1) Ultra-high power density [190] with intensive cooling [67] integrated with PEC. 2) Potentialit for using coreless designs and/or superconducting materials.…”

Section: ) Needed Developments For Machines and Pecsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Power Machines and Starter-Generator Topologies for More Electric Aircraft: A Technology Outlook

et al. 2020

More electric aircraft (MEA) architectures consist of several subsystems, which must all comply with the settled safety requirements of aerospace applications. Thus, achieving reliability and fault-tolerance represents the main cornerstone when classifying different solutions. Hybrid electric aircraft (HEA) extends the MEA concept by electrifying the propulsive power as well as the auxiliary power, and thereby pushing the limits of electrification. This paper gives an overview of the high-power electrical machine families and their associated power electronic converter (PEC) interfaces that are currently competing for aircraft power conversion systems. Various functionalities and starter-generator (S/G) solutions are also covered. In order to highlight the latest advancements, the efficiency of the world's most powerful aerospace generator (Mark 1) developed within the E-Fan X HEA project is graphically represented and assessed against other rivaling solutions. Motivated by the strict requirements on efficiency, power density, trustworthiness, as well as starting functionalities, supplementary considerations on the system-level design are paramount. In order to highlight the MEA goals and take advantage of all potential benefits, all subsystems must be treated as a whole. It is then shown that the combination of PECs, aircraft grid and electrical machines can be better adapted to benefit the overall system. This survey outlines the influence of these concerns and offers a view of the future technology outlook, as well as covering the present challenges and opportunities.

IEEE Trans. Transp. Electrific.

“…High system voltage level could leverage the possibility of more efficient and power-dense EDSs. In aerospace applications, there are already motors that are operating beyond 540 V. Example of these motors are used for propulsion of small electric aircraft operating at 800 and 700 VDC, manufactured by Rotex and ENSTROJ respectively [109].…”

Section: A) Electro-mechanical Drive Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review, Challenges, and Future Developments of Electric Taxiing Systems

Lukic

Giangrande

Hebala

et al. 2019

The ever-increasing demand for passenger air traffic results in larger airline fleets every year. The aircraft market forecast reveals an unprecedented growth for the coming decades, leading to serious environmental and economic concerns among airlines and regulatory bodies. Different approaches, for both airborne and ground operations, have been proposed to reduce and control emissions without compromising profit margin. For on-ground activities, the electric taxiing (ET) methodology is one of the suggested solutions for reducing the emissions and the acoustic noise in the airport, and for lowering the fuel consumption and operating costs. This paper thus aims to review and collate the more important literature related to electric taxiing systems (ETSs), in order to draw an inclusive picture regarding the current state of the art of a moving and growing sector that just started its first steps towards an ambitious target. After introducing the general concept of ET, elaborations on the benefits and challenges of available technologies are done with a detailed comparison of the different systems. Finally, recommendations for future research and outlook on ET are presented.