High shear spheroidal topological fluid flow induced coating of polystyrene beads with C₆₀ spicules

Abstract

The manipulation of topological fluid flow to fabricate spicular C60 coated polystyrene beads under shear stress in the vortex fluidic device (VFD).

Vortex fluidic induced mass transfer across immiscible phases

“…11 Both topological uid ows are present for increasing u, with spicular or spherical ow arising from a combination of ST ow and DH ow of similar diameter and associated forces. 11,13 Importantly the shear stress in the VFD is not uniform, but rather it can be uniformly localised. The above moulding strategies included so called 'molecular drilling', and shear stress induced polymerisation, crystallisation and aggregation.…”

Upsized Vortex Fluidic Device Enhancement of Mechanical Properties and the Microstructure of Biomass-Based Biodegradable Films

“…AFM senses the surface using an extremely sharp tip on a micro-machined silicon probe. The tip of this probe is used to image a sample by raster scanning across the surface, line by line . Therefore, the smoothness of the surface is a critical prerequisite for successful AFM operation.…”

“…The tip of this probe is used to image a sample by raster scanning across the surface, line by line. 15 Therefore, the smoothness of the surface is a critical prerequisite for successful AFM operation. This AFM image visually complimented the aforementioned finding that the biodegradable film produced using upsized VFD processing has a smooth surface devoid of porous features.…”

“…With increasing concerns for the environmental impact of chemical manufacturing, reagents and processes that align with the principles of green chemistry are essential. VFD processing has also been applied to facilitate reactions with the reduction or even elimination of chemicals under continuous flow, for example, in assembling fullerene C 60 molecules into nanotubes, cones, rods, and spicules as molds of the above topological fluid flows, ,− and this is carried out without the need for surfactants and other chemicals and indeed without the need for further downstream processing. The VFD also allows multi-phase oxidation to proceed efficiently, obviating the need for the use of organic solvents and phase transfer catalysts, and is effective in mediating the synthesis of di-esters at room temperature .…”

Diverse Supports for Immobilization of Catalysts in Continuous Flow Reactors

“…Raston and coworkers have developed the field of VFDs and widely expanded their applications in diverse areas (Figure 11). [94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102] In this section, recent contributions involving immobilization of catalytic units on tube walls via supports are selected and discussed (Figure 11c).…”