High sensitization rate to emulsifiers in patients with chronic leg ulcers

Pasche-Koo, Florence; Piletta, Pierre; Hunziker, N; Hauser, Conrad

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1994.tb01993.x

Cited by 61 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This predisposing disease has been known for a long time to heavily affect the risk of sensitisation to topical agents used for its treatment [1,10], and indeed previous analyses of contact allergy in this subgroup of patients have demonstrated a characteristic spectrum of contact sensitivity [5,6]. The number of allergies (against a fixed set of allergens) actually increases almost linearly with the duration of the ulcer [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Spectrum of Contact Allergy in Elderly Patients with and without Lower Leg Dermatitis

et al. 2002

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Background: There is a strong influence of lower leg dermatitis on the spectrum of allergic contact sensitivity in elderly patients. Objective: To quantitatively assess the impact of this factor which confounds the age-related pattern of allergic contact sensitivity. Methods: Stratified analysis of allergic contact sensitivity data collected between 1996 and 1999 in the 32 centres of the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (three age groups: ≤60, 61–75, ≧76 years), both as crude and as directly standardised (for sex and leg dermatitis) proportions. Results: Among the 36,070 patients tested with the German standard series, allergic contact sensitivity to neomycin, lanolin, cetostearylic alcohols, colophony, fragrance mix and balsam of Peru, among others, was (much) more common in the elderly, with proportions more or less affected by standardisation. Conclusion: The comparison of crude and standardised proportions provides evidence that allergic contact sensitivity to several allergens strongly depends not only on age itself, but on age-related and thus confounding co-morbidity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Spectrum of Contact Allergy in Elderly Patients with and without Lower Leg Dermatitis

et al. 2002

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“…5 Surfactants have also been considered as potential allergens in paste bandages used among patients with chronic leg ulcers. 6 In a previous study 7 the ethoxylated nonionic surfactant Tween 80 (sorbitan monooleate) of technical quality showed allergenic activity in guinea pigs. Peroxides and formaldehyde were formed during normal storage and handling of the ethoxylated surfactant at room temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contact Allergens from Surfactants. Atmospheric Oxidation of Polyoxyethylene Alcohols, Formation of Ethoxylated Aldehydes, and Their Allergenic Activity

Bergh

Shao

Hagelthorn

et al. 1998

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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Ethoxylated surfactants are susceptible to oxidation upon air exposure. We have previously studied the rate of peroxidation and formaldehyde formation in the chemically well-defined ethoxylated alcohol C12H25(OCH2CH2)5OH. Formaldehyde is a common cause of contact allergy. The aim of the present study was to identify other oxidation products that could be formed upon air exposure of the ethoxylated alcohol and to determine their allergenic activity. It was shown that air oxidation of C12H25(OCH2CH2)5OH gave all the theoretically possible aldehydes of the general formula C12H25(OCH2CH2)nOCH2CHO (n = 0-4) and that the major oxidation product was C12H25(OCH2CH2)4OCH2CHO, dodecyltetraoxyethyleneoxyacetaldehyde. The structure elucidation and synthesis of these aldehydes are here presented for the first time. The major aldehyde was shown to be a contact allergen with the same sensitizing capacity as that of formaldehyde. A dose-response relationship was observed in the sensitization studies. The allergens were formed from the surfactant itself and the skin reactions cannot be explained due to any impurities that may be present in a technical quality of the surfactant. Cases of allergic contact dermatits to ethoxylated surfactants have been reported. To avoid the formation of allergenic oxidation products it is important to control the conditions for storage, handling, and transportation of ethoxylated surfactants.

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“…3 In the literature some cases are reported of allergic contact dermatitis due to ethoxylated nonionic surfactants and emulsifiers. 11,12 Formaldehyde is described to be a significant allergen in women with hand eczema caused by occupational and domestic exposure. 13 Thus, allergenic oxidation products in ethoxylated surfactants may cause hand eczema or aggravate an ongoing irritant dermatitis in wet work.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric oxidation of poly(oxyethylene) alcohols. Identification of ethoxylated formates as oxidation products and study of their contact allergenic activity

Bergh

Shao

Magnusson

et al. 1999

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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Ethoxylated alcohols are widely used as surfactants. In the present study we have continued our investigations on the degradation with time upon air exposure of the ethoxylated alcohols at normal storage and handling. As a result, a new group of ethoxylated formates with the general formula C12H25(OCH2CH2)nOCHO (n = 0-4) was identified in C12H25(OCH2CH2)5OH stored and handled at room temperature. To facilitate the identification work, reference compounds were synthesized. The formates showed no allergenic activity in the sensitization studies performed. In previous investigations on the same ethoxylated alcohol, we have identified formaldehyde and ethoxylated aldehydes among the oxidation products formed. Formaldehyde is a common contact allergen, and the ethoxylated aldehydes were shown to have a sensitizing capacity of the same magnitude as formaldehyde. The instability of the ethoxylated alcohols and formation of oxidation products may give an allergenic contribution to hand eczema caused by work with water and surfactants. To investigate the clinical significance in man an appropriate diagnostic patch testing in exposed humans is required.

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High sensitization rate to emulsifiers in patients with chronic leg ulcers

Cited by 61 publications

References 13 publications

The Spectrum of Contact Allergy in Elderly Patients with and without Lower Leg Dermatitis

The Spectrum of Contact Allergy in Elderly Patients with and without Lower Leg Dermatitis

Contact Allergens from Surfactants. Atmospheric Oxidation of Polyoxyethylene Alcohols, Formation of Ethoxylated Aldehydes, and Their Allergenic Activity

Atmospheric oxidation of poly(oxyethylene) alcohols. Identification of ethoxylated formates as oxidation products and study of their contact allergenic activity

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