High Sensitivity Refractometer Based on a Tapered-Single Mode-No Core-Single Mode Fiber Structure

Yang, Wenlei; Zhang, Shuo; Geng, Tao; Li, Le; Li, Guoan; Gong, Yijia; Zhang, Kai; Tong, Chengguo; Lu, Chao; Sun, Weimin; Yuan, Libo

doi:10.3390/s19071722

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…As the RI of the solution increases from 1.4335–1.4468, the linear sensitivity has made a rapid and significant increase, and can reach up to 2183.6 nm/RIU. This result is similar with the previously reported works [21,22,23,24]. The reason is that the effective RI of the cladding mode is more sensitive to the ambient RI in the higher RI range [25].…”

Section: The Theoretical Analysis and Experimentssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In the MZI-based RI sensor, the sensitivity can be expressed as follows [21]:Δλm=2false(Δn1,meff+Δnfalse)Lfalse(2m+1false)−2false(Δn1,mefffalse)Lfalse(2m+1false)=2false(Δnfalse)Lfalse(2m+1false) where the Δ λ m is the resonance wavelength shift, and m is an integer; Δn1,meff is the effective RI difference between the core mode and the m-order cladding mode, and Δ n is the change of the effective RI as a result of the change in the ambient RI; and L is the length of etched fiber in this paper. It is obvious that the RI sensitivity is proportional to the change of the effective RI (Δ n ).…”

Section: The Theoretical Analysis and Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperature-Insensitive Refractive Index Sensor with Etched Microstructure Fiber

Dai

Shen

et al. 2019

Sensors

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A Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) based on an etched all-solid microstructure fiber (MOF) has been demonstrated. The MZI works on the basis of interference between the vibrant core and cladding modes in the MOF. The all-solid MOF has a heterostructure cladding composed of Ge-doped rod arrays and pure silica, and thus can support and propagate a vibrant cladding mode with a large mode area. When the outermost cladding of MOF is etched, the cladding mode becomes sensitive to the ambient refractive index (RI). The etched MOF can work as a sensing head for RI sensing. By comparing the interference spectra, the extinction ratio has remained stable at around 20 dB after the MOF was etched. The RI sensing characteristics of the MZI with an etched MOF have also been investigated. The results show that the RI sensitivity can reach up to 2183.6 nm/RIU with a low-temperature coefficient (<10 pm/°C).

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Section: The Theoretical Analysis and Experimentssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: The Theoretical Analysis and Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature-Insensitive Refractive Index Sensor with Etched Microstructure Fiber

Dai

Shen

et al. 2019

Sensors

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“…The cladding diameter of the NCF was 125 μm, and the optimal length of the NCF was tailored to be 28 mm to obtain MMI spectral dips whose wavelengths fall within the output wavelength range of a broadband light source used here for biosensing. When light propagating in the input SMF enters the NCF, a series of higher-order modes are excited within the NCF region due to the mode-field mismatch, followed by the interference between the fundamental and high-order modes, which occurs as light travels to the output SMF [ 32 , 33 ]. The NCF with its either end concatenated with SMF can be regarded as an MMI apparatus.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 spike protein detection using slightly tapered no-core fiber-based optical transducer

et al. 2022

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The label-free detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is demonstrated by using slightly tapered no-core fiber (ST-NCF) functionalized with ACE2. In the fabricated sensor head, abrupt changes in the mode-field diameter at the interfaces between single-mode fiber and no-core fiber excite multi-guided modes and facilitate multi-mode interference (MMI). Its slightly tapered region causes the MMI to be more sensitive to the refractive index (RI) modulation of the surrounding medium. The transmission minimum of the MMI spectrum was selected as a sensor indicator. The sensor surface was functionalized with ACE2 bioreceptors through the pretreatment process. The ACE2-immobilized ST-NCF sensor head was exposed to the samples of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with concentrations ranging from 1 to 10 4 ng/mL. With increasing sample concentration, we observed that the indicator dip moved towards a longer wavelength region. The observed spectral shifts are attributed to localized RI modulations at the sensor surface, which are induced by selective bioaffinity binding between ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Also, we confirmed the capability of the sensor head as an effective and simple optical probe for detecting antigen protein samples by applying saliva solution used as a measurement buffer. Moreover, we compared its detection sensitivity to SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV spike protein to examine its cross-reactivity. In particular, we proved the reproducibility of the bioassay protocol adopted here by employing the ST-NCF sensor head reconstructed with ACE2. Our ST-NCF transducer is expected to be beneficially utilized as a low-cost and portable biosensing platform for the rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Graphical abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00604-022-05413-3.

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“…A comparative analysis of this work is presented in Table 1, where the already-reported thermal sensors are shortlisted, based on the usage of dielectric materials and PDMS in their design. Fabry-Perot interferometer on fiber tip 0.0136 0 to 1000 [45] Photonic crystal fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer with a PDMS detection cell 0.0009 20 to 50 [46] Refractometer based on single-mode tapered fiber structure <0.001 21 to 144 [47] PDMS-coated optic fiber 0.075 20 to 85 [48] Optical-fiber-,based PDMS film on Mach-Zehnder interferometer 0.101 20 to 100 [49] PDMS-coated, tapered optic-fiber structure 0.22 20 to 100 [50] PDMS-assisted, bow-shaped optic-fiber structure −1.63 20 to 30 [51] PDMS-coated photonic crystal structure 0.109 10 to 90 This work…”

Section: Comparative Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Sensor Based on Polydimethylsiloxane Polymer Deposited on Low-Index-Contrast Dielectric Photonic Crystal Structure

et al. 2022

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In this work, a dielectric photonic crystal-based thermal sensor is numerically investigated for the near-infrared spectral range. An easy-to-fabricate design is chosen with a waveguide layer deposited on a silicon dioxide substrate with air holes drilled across it. To sense the ambient temperature, a functional layer of polydimethylsiloxane biguanide polymer is deposited on the top, the optical properties of which vary with changes in the temperature. An open-source finite-difference time-domain-based software, MEEP, is used for design and numerical simulation. The design of the sensor, spectral properties, and proposed fabrication method are part of the discussion. The performance of the sensor is investigated for an ambient temperature range of 10 to 90 °C, for which the device offers a sensitivity value in the range of 0.109 nm/°C and a figure-of-merit of 0.045 °C−1. Keeping in mind the high-temperature tolerance, inert chemical properties, low material cost, and easy integration with optical fiber, the device can be proposed for a wide range of thermal sensing applications.

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High Sensitivity Refractometer Based on a Tapered-Single Mode-No Core-Single Mode Fiber Structure

Cited by 19 publications

References 26 publications

Temperature-Insensitive Refractive Index Sensor with Etched Microstructure Fiber

Temperature-Insensitive Refractive Index Sensor with Etched Microstructure Fiber

SARS-CoV-2 spike protein detection using slightly tapered no-core fiber-based optical transducer

Thermal Sensor Based on Polydimethylsiloxane Polymer Deposited on Low-Index-Contrast Dielectric Photonic Crystal Structure

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