High-Sensitivity Optical Fiber-Based Glucose Sensor Using Helical Intermediate-Period Fiber Grating

Abstract

An all-fiber glucose sensor is proposed and demonstrated based on a helical intermediate-period fiber grating (HIPFG) produced by using a hydrogen/oxygen flame heating method. The HIPFG, with a grating length of 1.7 cm and a period of 35 μm, presents four sets of double dips with low insertion losses and strong coupling strengths in the transmission spectrum. The HIPFG possesses an averaged refractive index (RI) sensitivity of 213.6 nm/RIU nm/RIU in the RI range of 1.33–1.36 and a highest RI sensitivity of 472 nm/RIU at RI of 1.395. In addition, the HIPFG is demonstrated with a low-temperature sensitivity of 3.67 pm/°C, which promises a self-temperature compensation in glucose detection. In the glucose-sensing test, the HIPFG sensor manifests a detection sensitivity of 0.026 nm/(mg/mL) and a limit of detection (LOD) of 1 mg/mL. Moreover, the HIPFG sensor exhibits good stability in 2 h, indicating its capacity for long-time detection. The properties of easy fabrication, high flexibility, insensitivity to temperature, and good stability of the proposed HIPFG endow it with a promising potential for long-term and compact biosensors.

Enzymatic Glucose Fiber Sensor for Glucose Concentration Measurement with a Heterodyne Interferometry

“…Blood glucose concentration measurement methods can be divided into non-invasive methods [ 4 , 5 , 6 ] and invasive methods [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. While invasive methods do not provide painless measurements, these methods can avoid individual patient differences (including race, skin color, skin composition, skin thickness, and complex blood components) and increase the reliability of clinical diagnosis.…”

“…Therefore, currently available methods for clinical monitoring of blood glucose levels are based on the invasive (in vitro) methods. The invasive method can be categorized into electrochemical methods [ 7 , 8 ] and optical methods [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Many review papers [ 7 , 8 ] pointed out the advantages and challenges of the electrochemical method for blood glucose concentration monitoring.…”

“…The most important issue with electrochemical methods is to reduce or eliminate calibration procedures while taking into account measurement accuracy to improve the convenience of measurement [ 7 ]. In contrast to electrochemical methods, optical methods [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ] are measured non-contact. There is no contact between the electrode and the test piece as in electrochemical measurement, eliminating the calibration problems caused by contact measurement.…”

“…Their results indicated that the sensitivity of double D-shaped FBG was better than that of D-shaped FBG, and the optimal sensitivity could reach 47.37 nm/RIU. Zhong et al [ 13 ] proposed a glucose sensor based on helical intermediate period fiber grating (HIPFG) structure. The sensitivity of HIPEG glucose sensor was about 0.026 nm/(mg/mL) and the detection limit can achieve 1 mg/mL.…”

Design and numerical analysis of a highly sensitive nano-layer coated photonic crystal fiber biosensor

“…Because of its highly sensitive nature, the proposed multi-analyte SPR-PCF sensor could be a prominent candidate in the field of bio-sensing to detect bio-molecule interactions and chemical sensing. Zhong et al [27] proposed a helical intermediate period fiber grating, produced using a hydrogen/oxygen flame heating method. The Zhong sensor has a maximum WS of 472 nm RIU −1 at RI of 1.395.…”