High Sensitivity of T-Ray for Thrombus Sensing

Abstract

Atherosclerotic plaque rupture or erosion and subsequent development of platelet-containing thrombus formation is the fundamental cause of cardiovascular disease, which is the most common cause of death and disability worldwide. Here we show the high sensitivity of 200–270 GHz T-ray to distinguish thrombus formation at its early stage from uncoagulated blood. A clinical observational study was conducted to longitudinally monitor the T-ray absorption constant of ex-vivo human blood during the thrombus formation from 29 subjects. Compared with the control group (28 subjects) with uncoagulated blood samples, our analysis indicates the high sensitivity of 200–270 GHz T-Ray to detect thrombus with a low p-value < 10−5. Further analysis supports the significant role of platelet-activated thrombotic cascade, which modified the solvation dynamics of blood and occurred during the early coagulation stage, on the measured T-Ray absorption change. The ability to sense the thrombus formation at its early stage would hold promise for timely identification of patients at risk of various atherothrombotic disorders and save billions of lives.

Review of annealing effects and superconductivity in Fe1+y Te1−x Se x superconductors

“…22(a)), and Hall effect measurements ( Fig. 22(b)) shown above [57]. For the as-grown crystals, in the doping region of x < 0.12, the AFM transition, ∼ 58 K in the non-doped Fe 1+y Te, is monotonically suppressed with increasing Se substitution.…”

“…18) [33]. The influence of excess Fe and the annealing effect on the magnetism of Fe 1+y Te 1−x Se x with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.43 was systematically studied by the magnetic susceptibilities measurements under 1 T magnetic field [57]. Figs.…”

“…For both crystals, with increasing field along c-direction, the resistive transition shifts to Figure 26. The doping-temperature (x − T ) phase diagrams for Fe 1+y Te 1−x Se x single crystals reported by (a) [11], (b) [68], and the phase diagrams for our (c) asgrown and (d) annealed single crystals [57]. (a) Reprinted with permission from [11].…”

Giant Enhancement of THz Wave Emission under Double-Pulse Excitation of Thin Water Flow

“…THz science and technology [1] are continuously growing since the early report on THz wave emission [2]. Applications have been demonstrated in imaging [3] with optical component developments [4], spectroscopy for mesoscopic structures [5], coherent measurements of intense THz wave [6], gas-detection in Fabry-Pérot cavity [7], tunable/compact laser [8], sensing for medical uses [9], and next generation 6G wireless communication [10]. Recent progresses include studies under scanning tunneling microscopy [11][12][13] with nanoscale spatial resolution.…”

Study of blood and its components by terahertz pulsed spectroscopy

“…It was shown that there are some distinction in the Debye relaxation coefficients for the whole blood and its components [2]. A significant difference can observe in both the absorption and refractive index spectra of the whole blood and its thrombus: the coagulation and the formation of a thrombus have affected the absorption coefficient as well as the Debye coefficients [2,4]. It was demonstrated the capability to distinguish thrombus formation at its early stage from uncoagulated blood by the change in the absorption coefficient at 200-270 GHz [4].…”