High-Sensitivity Detection of Solid and Liquid Dielectrics Using a Branch Line Coupler Sensor

Ebrahimi, Amir; Ghorbani, Kamran

doi:10.1109/tmtt.2023.3276208

Cited by 13 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Enhancing the sensitivity of resonator-based sensors makes them a fitting replacement for traditional, expensive equipment used for detecting minute variations. Some works in the literature for sensitivity enhancement include metamaterial SRR [31], branch line couplers [32], coupledline couplers [33,34], and directional couplers [35]. In this work, conventional CSRRs are coupled together to exploit the sensitive region of the coupled CSRRs (CCSRR).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AI-Assisted Ultra-High-Sensitivity/Resolution Active-Coupled CSRR-Based Sensor with Embedded Selectivity

Abdolrazzaghi

Kazemi

Nayyeri

et al. 2023

Sensors

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This research explores the application of an artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted approach to enhance the selectivity of microwave sensors used for liquid mixture sensing. We utilized a planar microwave sensor comprising two coupled rectangular complementary split-ring resonators operating at 2.45 GHz to establish a highly sensitive capacitive region. The sensor’s quality factor was markedly improved from 70 to approximately 2700 through the incorporation of a regenerative amplifier to compensate for losses. A deep neural network (DNN) technique is employed to characterize mixtures of methanol, ethanol, and water, using the frequency, amplitude, and quality factor as inputs. However, the DNN approach is found to be effective solely for binary mixtures, with a maximum concentration error of 4.3%. To improve selectivity for ternary mixtures, we employed a more sophisticated machine learning algorithm, the convolutional neural network (CNN), using the entire transmission response as the 1-D input. This resulted in a significant improvement in selectivity, limiting the maximum percentage error to just 0.7% (≈6-fold accuracy enhancement).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AI-Assisted Ultra-High-Sensitivity/Resolution Active-Coupled CSRR-Based Sensor with Embedded Selectivity

Abdolrazzaghi

Kazemi

Nayyeri

et al. 2023

Sensors

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“…Differential sensors usually consist of two sensing elements, which typically have a symmetrical layout and can be independent or coupled to each other [36], [37], [38]. One main advantage of differential sensors is the mitigated impact of environmental factors, such as temperature, as these factors do not disrupt the inherent symmetry of the sensor design [39], [40]. Various techniques are utilized to improve the performance of planar microwave sensors, such as employing active feedback circuitry to offset losses for enhancing quality factors and improving the sensor resolution [41].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dielectric Spectrum Extraction of Liquids Using Noncontact Microwave Split Ring Resonator

Zhu,

Baghelani,

Iyer

2024

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

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This article presents a novel method for broadband dielectric spectroscopy of liquids utilizing a noncontact microwave split ring resonator (SRR). The proposed approach leverages the multiharmonic property of the microwave resonator to extract the permittivity of the liquid-under-test (LUT) at resonance frequencies. By fitting these extracted values using the Debye model, both the real and imaginary dielectric spectra of the LUT can be determined across a wide frequency range. The proposed method requires a one-time calibration process to ensure high accuracy. An experiment employing five calibration samples and five test samples was performed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results of the extracted permittivity spectrum using the proposed method are compared with those from a commercial dielectric probe. The proposed method exhibits high accuracy with a root mean square error of 0.59 for ϵ ′ values at the resonance frequencies. For the extracted Debye model parameters, the proposed method achieves reasonable precision with percentage errors of 1.40% for ϵ s , 12.68% for ϵ ∞ , and 7.86% for τ and is a cost-effective and accurate solution for dielectric spectroscopy. Due to its planar structure, the microwave SRR can be seamlessly integrated into various systems, holding potential for applying this method in microwave sensing, noninvasive biological sensing, oil and gas industries, and other fields requiring dielectric spectroscopy.

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Sensitivity and quality-factor enhancement of patch-antenna-resonator sensors using geometrically modified transmission lines

Nosrati

2024

Sensors and Actuators A: Physical

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High-Sensitivity Detection of Solid and Liquid Dielectrics Using a Branch Line Coupler Sensor

Cited by 13 publications

References 85 publications

AI-Assisted Ultra-High-Sensitivity/Resolution Active-Coupled CSRR-Based Sensor with Embedded Selectivity

AI-Assisted Ultra-High-Sensitivity/Resolution Active-Coupled CSRR-Based Sensor with Embedded Selectivity

Dielectric Spectrum Extraction of Liquids Using Noncontact Microwave Split Ring Resonator

Sensitivity and quality-factor enhancement of patch-antenna-resonator sensors using geometrically modified transmission lines

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