High-sensitive C-reactive protein level and oxidative stress-related status in former athletes in relation to traditional cardiovascular risk factors

Atherogenic inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in relation to overweight values in male former athletes

“…Significantly better lipoprotein profile and oxidative stress level in physically active in comparison to sedentary ex-athletes has also been shown previously. 11 No significant differences were found in overweight characteristics between the ex-athletes and controls (Table 1). However, according to correlation analysis, physical activity level was a powerful predictor of OxS and inflammatory indicators (oxLDL, DC and hsCRP), as well as overweight values in ex-athletes, but not in controls.…”

“…Our previous research has revealed that CVD risk level in former male athletes was relatively low in those subjects who continued to lead a physically active lifestyle. 11 On the other hand, overweight status and obesity were found to be significant contributors in the OxS and inflammation-based CVD risk profile among the former athletes. 11,18 However, it is not clear through which important atherogenic markers overweight can express increased CVD risk level in those who are physically active and have presumably high cardiorespiratory fitness.…”

“…11 On the other hand, overweight status and obesity were found to be significant contributors in the OxS and inflammation-based CVD risk profile among the former athletes. 11,18 However, it is not clear through which important atherogenic markers overweight can express increased CVD risk level in those who are physically active and have presumably high cardiorespiratory fitness. In the present study, ex-athletes were characterized by relatively high sports activity participation rate and this may improve the CVD risk profile independently of overweight status.…”

“…9,10 Our research recently revealed that low systemic and cellular OxS status in ex-athletes was clearly related to current physical activity level, not to the previous athleticism. 11 On the other hand, the OxS and inflammatory-related status of the ex-athletes was affected by the overweight and obesity values that need further research. In addition, it is not clear through which important atherogenic markers overweight can express increased cardiovascular risk level in those who have been several years at the upper level of sports activity and are predominantly regularly physically active thoroughout their lives.…”

Alterations in Redox Homeostasis in the Elite Endurance Athlete

“…If there was any doubt over whether the athletes were elite, the authors of the articles were emailed for further clarification; in total 14 authors were emailed. The methodology of the 59 elite athlete articles were then reviewed in detail (step 5), and 33 articles were excluded from the final review because of one or more of the following: the authors did not state the training status of the subjects, or respond to requests for subject details (n = 4) [38,46,73,74]; the subjects were masters/former athletes (n = 3) [75][76][77], amateur or college level athletes (n = 3) [ [78][79][80], athletes, but not elite status (n = 4) [42,48,81,82] or navy recruits (n = 1) [83]; participants were elite, but under 18 years of age (n = 2) [84,85]; only one sampling point was included, compared with healthy control data (n = 1) [86]; less than half of the study population were elite (n = 2) [87,88]; there were insufficient measures of redox balance [89,90] (n = 2); the training volume was not indicative of elite cyclists at 90 km per week (n = 1) [91]; the studies were RCTs involving antioxidant supplementation in elite athletes (n = 10) [92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101]. In addition, the methodological qualities of the articles were checked using methodological quality assessment criteria for the observational articles to be included in the final analysis (step 6).…”